The effect of tomato juice on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and type-1 collagen on the vaginal wall of the menopausal rats

Background: Aging is a multifactorial phenomenon that is characterized by a decrease in physiological functions that increases with age. Free radicals cause oxidative stress, which plays a role in the aging process. The accumulation of reactive oxygen compounds increases matrix metalloproteinase-2. Collagen can be directly destroyed by reactive oxygen compounds or through the induction of MPPs. Tomato fruit is an antioxidant, which acts as a binder and damper of free radicals that activate collagen damage. This study aims to assess the effect of tomato juice on the expression of MMP-2 and type-1 collagen on the vaginal wall of the menopausal rat.

Methods: This was a true experimental study, using Sprague-Dawley rats and tomato juice (Solanum lycopersicum). Expression of MMP-2 and type-1 collagen was examined using immunohistochemistry staining. Twenty-four healthy female rats, aged 4 months weighing 150-200 grams, were divided into 4 groups, each group as many as 6 rats. The negative control group (NC) was a group of rats with a sham procedure, given aquades for 28 days. The positive control group (PC) was bilaterally ovariectomized rats, given aquades for 28 days. The first treatment group (P1) was bilaterally ovariectomized rats, given tomato juice with a dose of 11 g / 200 g BW / day. The second treatment group (P2) was bilaterally ovariectomized rats, given tomato juice with a dose of 15 g / 200 g BW / day. Data analysis used the One-way ANOVA statistical test (α = 0.05) and different tests between groups using Games-Howell and Tukey HSD. The association between tomato juice and the expression of MMP-2 and type-1 collagen used regression tests.

Results: This study found that the lowest expression of MMP-2 was NC group (2.07 ± 0.84), and the highest was the PC group (5.72 ± 1.91). The mean MMP-2 expression in the treatment groups was lower than the PC group but still higher than the NC group. There was a significant difference in MMP-2 expression between groups (p = 0,000). There was a negative correlation between tomato juice administration and MMP-2 expression (b = -0.592). The lowest type-1 collagen expression was PC group (3.83 ± 1.44), and the highest was the P2 group (7.27 ± 2.21). The mean type-1 collagen expression in the treatment groups was higher than the PC group. There were significant differences of type-1 collagen expression between groups (p = 0.012). There was a positive correlation between tomato juice administration and type-1 collagen expression (b = 0.682).

Conclusions: Tomato juice administration can reduce the expression of MMP-2 and increase the expression of type-1 collagen on the vaginal wall of the menopausal rat. The higher the dose of tomato juice, the higher the expression of type-1 collagen.

The 3rd Live Surgery Workshop International Society of Reconstructive Urology (ISORU), 2nd International Live Surgery Workshop Indonesia Genitourinary Reconstructive Society (InaGURS), and 12th Malang Continuing Urology Education (MCUE)

Dear colleagues and friends,

It is truly a pleasure to invite you to actively participate in the upcoming meeting, The 3rd Live Surgery Workshop International Society of Reconstructive Urology (ISORU), 2nd International Live Surgery Workshop Indonesia Genitourinary Reconstructive Society (InaGURS), in conjunction with 12^th Malang Continuing Urology Education (MCUE), which will be held on September 5^th-7^th, 2019, in Bali Nusa Dua Convention Center (BNDCC), Bali, Indonesia.

The theme chosen is Reconstructive Urology.

These three important meetings that held in conjunctionally will provide a wonderful forum for you to refresh your knowledge and explore new techniques and innovation in urology field from well-known experts. The symposia will be held on the first day and on the 2^nd and 3^rd day, they are going to be the highlight of live surgeries on various cases of reconstructive urology.

Additionally, we would like to also invite you to submit your recent achievement in scientific writing in various field of Urology. The scientific committee will prepare the prestigious oral presentation and poster presentation awards.

The island of the gods, Bali, awaits you!

Undisputable world well-known meeting destination is easily reach with direct flights from most major cities in the world. Since March 2016 Indonesian government has granted 169 countries for FREE Visitor Visa. Please check the list of countries and further details in visa section at the congress website www.mcue.org

Please make sure you have blocked this important dates and visit the congress website for further program update.

See you soon in Bali……

Paksi Satyagraha

Congress Chairman