Introduction: The largest public health issue in the globe, particularly for women who are close to childbearing age, is anemia. Anemia during pregnancy is said to be “dangerous to mother and child”. In 2015, Indonesia's maternal mortality rate (MMR) was 305 per 100,000 KH. Pregnancy who experienced anemia in the world are still very high. The prevalence of anemia in pregnancy is 41.8%. In Indonesia, the increasing in the incidence of anemia in pregnancy from 37.1% in 2013 to 48.9% in 2018. One of the causes of anemia in pregnant women is the knowledge and parity. This study aimed to analyze the knowledge and parity of the incidence of anemia in pregnant women.

Methods: The research design is cross-sectional with the independent variables which are knowledge and parity. The dependent variable is the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. The population used by all pregnant women is 48. The sampling technique uses total sampling and collecting data using questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate.

Results: The results of research informed that most pregnant women had anemia, around 56.2%. The results of the statistical analyses revealed a p value of 0.007, indicating a relation between parity and the prevalence of anemia. Besides that, there was a relation between knowledge and the prevalence of anemia.

Conclusion: There is an influence between knowledge and parity on the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Countermeasures that can be done by providing information communication and education on pre-wedding preparation.

Background: The golden standard of Hirschsprung's disease diagnosis is through a histopathological examination of the aganglionic site. The significance of serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) immunohistochemistry for diagnosing Hirschsprung's disease has been widely accepted. However, the study of serum AChE levels in Hirschsprung's disease patients is still scarce. We aimed to examine the serum levels of AChE in individuals with Hirschsprung's disease.

Methods: An analytical observational study with a cross sectional design was conducted on 29 patients with Hirschsprung's disease. We divided the patients into two groups: 14 in Hirschsprung's disease group and 15 in the control group. Serum AChE level was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The optimal cut-off value for detecting Hirschsprung’s disease was determined using the ROC analysis.

Results: The prevalence of Hirschsprung was higher in males than in females. The average AChE level in the Hirschsprung group was 95.89 ± 51.11 Units/mL, while the average level of AChE in the control group was 44.45 ± 33.40 Units/mL. The optimal cut-off value was 46.615 Units/mL. We found that this study's sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy values ​​were 83.3%, 70.6%, 66.7%, 85.7%, and 75.9%, respectively. There was a significant relationship between serum AChE levels and Hirschsprung's disease (p=0.004).

Conclusion: The AChE levels in blood serum can be used as an alternative diagnostic parameter for Hirschsprung's disease. Patients with Hirschsprung's disease had higher serum AChE levels than patients without Hirschsprung's disease.

Introduction: The decrease in muscle mass in the elderly is due to a decrease in nerve function and muscle weakness due to the aging process, lack of physical activity, and malnutrition. This study aimed to determine the effect of chair-based exercise and vitamin D levels on the strength of the hand grip on elderly women.

Patients and methods: Cross-sectional study involving 50 female respondents (aged 64.94±5.42 years) The study sample was elderly individuals who met the inclusion criteria at the Semarang Elderly Posyandu. Respondents were divided into 2 groups, namely the chair-based sports group and the chair-based no-sport group for 8 weeks. Checking the strength of the hand grip using a grip dynamometer.

Results: No significant differences was found in hand grip score between chair-based and non chair-based exercise (p>0.05). Meanwhile significant difference was found in hand grip score between person with .

Conclusion: There is an influence of vitamin D levels on the strength of the hand grip in elderly women

Introduction: Tartrazine is still one of the most widely used coloring agents in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries; various hazardous consequences have been identified in rodents and humans, including impaired kidney function. This current study aimed to evaluate the effect of tartrazine on the biochemical parameters and structures of the kidney.

Methods: Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 6 each. The experimental animals received tartrazine orally at a dose of 3.75, 7.5, and 15 mg/kg body weight along with a normal diet. The control group received only food and drinking water. The study was carried out for 21 days. At the end of the experiment, biochemical (blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine) and histopathological examinations were performed on animal kidney tissues.

Results: Our findings revealed a significant increase in urea and creatinine levels in the serum of tartrazine-treated rats compared to controls (p < 0.05). The kidney section of rats treated with tartrazine showed lumen compression of tubular cells and loss of integrity of the renal tubule membrane. Tartrazine was associated with increases in the percentage of renal tubular necrosis in a dose-dependent manner compared to the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: The current study concluded that oral administration of tartrazine affected the kidney by increasing urea nitrogen, creatinine levels, and the percentage of renal tubular necrosis in male Wistar rats. The results showed that tartrazine intake could cause adverse kidney health effects.

Background: Excessive physical exercise can cause injury and disrupt the body's homeostasis. Excessive physical exercise also causes increasing oxygen demand and reactive oxygen species production (ROS) that induce damage in various cells and body tissue, including HSC and CD4⁺ cells. This study aims to prove that excessive physical exercise decreases the CD4⁺ and HSC levels in Wistar rats and evaluates the correlation between HSC and CD4⁺ cell levels.

Methods: An experimental study with a randomized post-test-only control group design was conducted among 44 male Wistar rats in Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Mangusada General Hospital, Bali, from June to September 2022. The samples were divided into two groups; 22 rats received excessive physical exercise (treatment group) and 22 rats as the control group. The CD4⁺ cells and HSC were examined after 14 days of intervention. Data regarding the means of CD4⁺ and HSC levels between the two groups were assessed, and the correlation between HSC and CD4⁺ cell levels was analyzed using SPSS version 21 for Windows.   

Results: We used 22 rats for each treatment and control group. The mean level of CD4⁺ and HSC were significantly lower in the treatment group compared to the control group (356.41 vs. 661.41x10⁶ cell/µl; p<0.001) and (359.14 vs. 551.09 x10⁶ cell/µl). We found a statistically significant difference in CD4⁺ and HSC levels between the two groups, p<0.001). We also found a positive correlation between HSC and CD4⁺ level with r=0.636; p<0.001. Excessive physical exercise affected the immune function by decreasing CD4+ ad HSC levels in Wistar rats.

Conclusions: The impact of excessive physical exercise on immune function showed by decreasing the level of CD4⁺ and HSC level in Wistar rats. The HSC number also has a positive correlation with CD4⁺ cell level.

Background: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure rate in chronic kidney disease patients is relatively high due to inadequate feeding arteries and draining veins. The primary balloon angioplasty (PBA) dilatation technique is a way to mitigate AVF failure. There have not been many studies to determine the patency rate with and without PBA. This study analyzed the patency rate and the number of patency failures in Indonesia AVF patients with and without PBA.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in AVF surgery patients from 2019 to 2021 with or without PBA with a total sample technique. The patient was choosen without AVF surgery in the same arm with had follow-up every three months for three years. We excluded incomplete medical record data and unfollowed patients six weeks after surgery. The Kaplan–Meier method used the log-rank test to estimate each group's patency rate. The p-value<0.05 was considered significant.

Results: There were 60 subjects, of which 29 were with PBA and 31 were without PBA. There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding venous diameter and postoperative venous flow volume (p<0.01). The log-rank test showed a significant difference in patency failure in the group without PBA (35.5%, mean patency rate 56.3 weeks) compared to the group with PBA (10.3%, mean patency rate 104.4 weeks) with p=0.028. The median duration showed that 50% of the group without PBA experienced patency failure at week 59.3. In contrast, until the observation's end, the PBA group experienced patency failure of less than 50%.

Conclusion: Using the PBA technique can reduce the incidence of patency failure and maintain longer patency in patients with AVF.

Purpose: A ruptured intracranial aneurysm has a high mortality rate. Moreover, many of its surviving patients have to live with severe disabilities. Therefore, surgical or endovascular treatment is recommended in some patients with a known aneurysm and a high risk of rupture. However, many patients are reluctant to undergo treatment, fearing its complications. This study aimed to evaluate the treatment outcomes and safety in patients with a ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysm.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients treated for intracranial aneurysms in our hospital between 2017 to 2021. Our primary outcome was discharge functional outcome. We also evaluated cerebral infarction, stay duration, and mortality. We used bivariate and multivariate analysis.

Results: 85 patients were included in this study. 69 (77.5%) patients were treated after rupture. Most patients were treated with clipping (78.8%). Patients with a ruptured aneurysm significantly had a higher risk of poor discharge functional outcome (OR 5.708 [1.061 – 30.712]; p 0.042). Six patients with a ruptured aneurysm died. Patients with a ruptured aneurysm also spent more time at the hospital. There was no mortality or complication in patients with an unruptured aneurysm.

Conclusion: Patients treated before their aneurysms ruptured had better outcomes with no complications. Therefore, treatment should be considered for high-risk patients.

Background: Infections of the dental pulp and periapical tissues involve bacteria which can induce and enhance the immune response of the dental pulp but are not effective in eliminating root canal bacteria. A study was conducted to determine the effect of giving ethanol extract of green meniran leaves (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) in a mixture of calcium hydroxide and 2% chlorhexidine digluconate on the chronic inflammatory response in periapical tissue by measuring MMP-9, TGF-β₁ levels, osteoclast, and osteoblast cells count.

Methods: An experimental design with a post-test-only control group design involving 24 right molars of male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups. Each group consisted of 6 rats (K-) bacteria, (K+) bacteria, calcium hydroxide and 2% chlorhexidine digluconate, (P₁) bacteria, calcium hydroxide and 10% meniran extract, (P₂) bacteria, calcium hydroxide, 2% chlorhexidine digluconate and 10% meniran extract}. Examination of MMP-9, TGF-β₁ levels, and the number of osteoclasts and osteoblasts were evaluated until day 14.

Results: The administration of ethanol extract of green meniran leaves (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) in a mixture of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament (P1) which was evaluated for 14 days overall showed a significant difference between groups (p<0.005). This condition can be seen in the group (P1), which has a lower MMP-9 level of 2465.88 pg/mL compared to the group (P2), (K+), and (K-). The levels of TGF-β₁ in the group (P1) were 181.57pg/mL, lower than the group (P2), (K+), and (K-). The number of osteoclast cells in the group (P1) was 1.67, which was lower than the group (P2), (K+), and (K-) was 5.00. The number of osteoblast cells in the (P1) group was 52.67, higher than the 32.17 group (P2), (K+), and (K-).

Conclusion: Green meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) and its role as an intracanal medicament in teeth with chronic apical periodontitis.

Introduction: Currently, the coronavirus (Covid-19) is still a global problem that is felt by various countries in the world, including Indonesia. The occurrence of this epidemic greatly affected all sectors of human life, one of which was in the education sector where there was a changing the learning process from face-to-face to an online learning system. The implementation of online learning turned out to have a considerable impact on students, especially nursing students, one of which was the emergence of academic stress that was felt during the learning process. This study aimed to determine the correlation between academic stress due to online learning and the motivation, satisfaction and learning achievement of nursing students during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Methods: This study uses a descriptive correlative method with a cross-sectional approach. Researchers distributed online questionnaires to 259 respondents, namely active nursing students who carried out online learning. Then the data obtained were analyzed by researchers univariately to determine the distribution and frequency distribution and bivariate test using somersd and lambda to determine the correlation of each variable with academic stress.

Results: The results showed that there was a significant correlation between age (ρ=0.001), gender (ρ=0.005), grade education (ρ=0.048), learning understanding (ρ=0.000), and academic stress while the variable of media use did not correlate with academic stress (ρ=. In addition, academic stress is also correlated with variable satisfaction (ρ=0.041), and motivation (ρ=0.002) and is not correlated with learning achievement (ρ=0.388).

Conclusions: The current Covid-19 pandemic situation has greatly impacted the teaching and learning process, especially the emergence of academic stress, and decreased motivation and learning satisfaction of nursing students. This condition will become serious if each variable that is correlated with academic stress is not handled properly.

Introduction: Injuries are a major medical problem in military populations. The physical fitness assessment is a series of tests that measure and monitor physical fitness levels. The existing physical fitness assessment and formula used by the Indonesian Military requires a running test that only applies to healthy soldiers. This study attempted to construct a formula for assessing physical fitness using tests that soldiers may perform with lower limb injury/disability.

Method: The design of the study was an internal cross-sectional comparison. This study included 104 healthy, well-trained male normal soldiers (NS) and 50 injured or disabled soldiers (DS) who matched the inclusion criteria. The NS was required to perform a 12-minute running and wheeling test, a ball-throwing test, push-ups, and lunges. The DS was also required to perform the same tests except for the 12-minute running test and lunges. The analysis of the data consisted of four steps: constructing a conceptual framework, describing the characteristics of each group, identifying significant indicators using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to develop a physical fitness formula, and determining whether the formula is appropriate for assessing physical fitness in running and wheeling tests.

Result: There is no significant difference in the characteristics of NS and DS (p>0.05); thus, the subjects in both groups are comparable. Physical fitness test has several major contributing factors: distance, test method, muscle strength, and age. There is no significant difference in the number of NS in each category between the running and wheeling tests (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Physical fitness formula= {1.1 × (0.98 × distance^*) + (0.97 × method value^**)} – (0.093 × age) – (0.17 × muscle strength^***) Note: *) Distance traveled during running or wheeling test (meter). **) The running test method value is entered as 1, and the wheeling test method value is entered as 2. ***) The value of wheeling muscle strength is obtained from the ball-throwing test. In contrast, the value of running muscle strength can be determined by multiplying the result of the ball-throwing test by 2. These findings may be used for assessing the physical fitness of normal soldiers or those with lower limb injury/disability.

Background:  Breast milk plays a role in cognitive, sensory, and motor development and protects against infections and chronic diseases. The process of breastfeeding will protect the baby from illness, and increase cognitive intelligence and social-emotional development between mother and baby. Duration of breastfeeding was associated with acute illnesses, diarrhea, constipation, and a lower likelihood of being overweight/obese. Thus, this study aimed to the investigated correlation between pregnancy status and delivery type with successful breastfeeding in postpartum mothers at Roemani Muhammadiyah Hospital Semarang

Methods: This type of research was analytical descriptive, conducted in December 2021 with purposive sampling and a sample size of 120 respondents. The inclusion criteria of postpartum mothers who breastfeed their babies, mothers who are in good health, and baby who has no congenital abnormalities. Respondents who refused and who have babies with congenital abnormalities are excluded from the study. The data was extracted from the questionnaire and also coded into the SPSS 25 ver. Data were analyzed descriptively and analytically by using chi-square analysis.

Results: The participant with a planned pregnancy was 107 mothers (89.2%), unplanned 13 mothers (10,8%), section Caesarea type of delivery was 70 mothers (52%) and vaginal type of delivery was 50 mothers (48%). Based on LATCH score analysis planned pregnancy showed good category 38 mothers (31,7%), medium category 69 mothers (57,5%), and planned pregnancy showed good category 4 mothers (3,4%), medium category 8 mothers (6,7%), bad category 1 mother (0,8%). Based on the type of delivery, the vaginal type score was good for 25 mothers (50%), medium for 25 mothers (25%), and the section Caesarea type score was good for 17 mothers (24%), medium for 52 mothers (75%) and bad 1 mothers (1%). Either pregnancy status and type of delivery have P value scores of 0,016 and 0,012, respectively.

Conclusion: A mother that delivers a vaginal has a better level of breastfeeding than SC, and pregnancy status such as planned pregnancy also shows a better level than they are not.

Background: Nickel (Ni²⁺) allergy on the mucosa and gingiva is frequently found in patients with fixed metal orthodontic treatment as the manifestation of type-IV hypersensitivity reactions.

Method: This study aims to observe the effect of Brazilian propolis wax on salivary Ni²⁺ ion levels and blood serum IFN-γ and IL-10 levels during fixed metal bracket orthodontic treatment. A total of 34 New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups. Before the treatment, Ni²⁺sensitization was done using a 125 μL NiCl₂ injection. Metal brackets were placed on the four anterior teeth for 28 days. Saliva was carried out for Ni²⁺ ion level analysis by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and ELISA measured peripheral blood serum for IFN-γ and IL-10 level analysis.

Result: Ni²⁺ ion release in the control group showed a higher expression than in the wax and propolis-wax groups. IFN-γ expression level is reduced in the wax and propolis-wax group than in the control group. Moreover, a significantly different IL-10 expression was also observed in the wax and propolis-wax groups.

Conclusion: The combination of propolis into wax orthodontic inhibits Ni²⁺ ion release by promoting anti-inflammatory IL-10 expression.

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout the world, including Indonesia, so it is designated as a pandemic. To prevent the wider spread of COVID-19 transmission, the Indonesian government has implemented a COVID-19 vaccination program. The community knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towards COVID-19 vaccination are needed to support the success of this program. Therefore, this research aims to determine the Indonesian community knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towards COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods: This research was conducted by non-experimental observation with a cross sectional approach. Sampling using accidental sampling technique with the duration of the distribution of the e-questionnaire for 30 days. The sample of this research is the Indonesian community. The data were processed using descriptive statistical tests.

Results: The results of the univariate analysis with a total of 662 respondents showed that the majority of respondents were female, aged 18 to 25 years, educated in Senior High School/Equivalent, Muslim, domiciled in Riau, student, and received information from social media and other online media. The majority of respondents have a good level of knowledge with a score of 80.1%, have a positive attitude and behavior with a score of 53.5% and 51.8%.

Conclusion: The Indonesian community have a good level of knowledge, as well as positive attitudes and behaviors towards COVID-19 vaccination.

Background: The initial presentation of hospitalized End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) patients with and without coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is similar and can overlap. We aimed to compare clinical dan laboratory characteristics of the COVID-19 positive and negative patients to help clinicians screen and differentiate hospitalized ESKD patients.

Methods: We reviewed data from the medical record of ESKD patients hospitalized between May 1, 2020, and April 30, 2021. The study comprised all suspected COVID-19 patients. The COVID-19 positive was based on results from RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2. The bivariate analysis was used to compare the positive and negative groups. The association of all characteristics and diagnosis of COVID-19 were then evaluated by multivariable analysis.

Results: There was twenty-nine percent of confirmed COVID-19 in 176 ESKD patients. The proportion of dyspnea, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, and cardiomegaly were lower in the COVID-19 positive group. Diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, white blood cell differential counts, and potassium were lower in the COVID-19 positive group. Using a multivariate analysis, eosinophil count <0.04 x10³µl (P<0.001, OR 3.50, 95%CI:0.123-0.665), monocyte count <0.69 x10³µl (P=0.004, OR 2.54, 95%CI:0.166-0.931), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) <3.13 (P=0.044, OR 3.18, 95%CI:0.102-0.968) were associated with the presence of COVID-19.

Conclusions: Leukocyte differential count and chest x-ray should be evaluated as an initial screening of COVID-19 in hospitalized ESKD. Low levels of monocyte and eosinophil count and mild elevation of NLR were associated with COVID-19 in ESKD patients.

Introduction: Javanese Handwriting Calligraphy (JHC) is taught at the elementary & junior high school level on Java island in Indonesia. Calligraphy is part of Javanese culture and language. The number of Javanese speakers worldwide is 85 million (speakers of the 11th language worldwide). The study was conducted using elements of art and visuospatial aspects in Javanese calligraphy, not far from Chinese calligraphy, which has been proven to affect neuropsychiatric therapy. This research is a preliminary study aimed at proving JHC calming effect.

Method: Thirty elementary school students who are already proficient in writing JHC and willing to participate in the study voluntarily in placed in a quiet room, then the pulse rate was measured before and after writing calligraphy Latin letters. Next, rest for 15 minutes and measure the pulse before and after writing JHC.

Results: There is no difference in heart rate before the intervention in writing Latin and Javanese letters (p = 0.382). There is a difference in heart rate after the intervention of Latin and Javanese letters (p = 0.006). There is no difference in the value before and after the Latin letter intervention (p = 0.651). There is a difference between before and after the intervention of writing Javanese letters (p = 0.018).

Conclusion: JHC can be considered as a way of calming down. More research on different age groups and more robust designs is needed (cross-over).

Introduction: Low hemoglobin levels in pregnant women are global health problem that adversely affect the mother’s and newborn’s health. There is no study proving the effect of anemia during adolescence in pregnancy, especially in Indonesian population. This study aimed to investigate the effect of anemia in adolescence on the hemoglobin level during pregnancy, using Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) data.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used the 1997, 2007 and 2014 IFLS data. The hemoglobin levels in adolescents aged 10-18 years were obtained from the IFLS-II data in 1997. Then, the hemoglobin levels during pregnancy from the same individuals were tracked from the IFLS-IV in 2007 and IFLS-V in 2014. Data from 210 subjects were included in the analysis as these subjects had the complete data on hemoglobin levels during adolescence and pregnancy and all other considered confounding variables, such as maternal age, iron protein, vitamin C consumption, education, working status, residence, socioeconomic status, gestational age at data collection, parity, antenatal care, iron supplement consumption. Data was analyzed by T tests, Pearson’s correlation tests and General Linear Model.

Results: The mean hemoglobin levels of pregnant women was 11.23 g/dL with standard deviation 1.271 and the prevalence of anemia during adolescence was 34.3%. There was a significant difference of 0.447 g/dL in the average hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with and without history of anemia during adolescence (p=0.023). The hemoglobin levels in pregnant women also differed among trimesters of gestational age (p=0.001). After being controlled for vitamin C and protein consumption, anemia status during adolescence still has a significant effect on lowering hemoglobin level during pregnancy.

Conclusion: Anemia during adolescence negatively impacts pregnant women's hemoglobin levels. Prevention programs for anemia in pregnant women should be started from adolescence period.

Introduction: Tinospora crispa (T. crispa) is an herbaceous plant that commonly grows wild in tropical regions of South East Asian countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. In Indonesia, this plant is well known to be used as a traditional medicine to treat gout, diabetes, hypertension, rheumatic, fever, and appetite stimulant. Researches worldwide indicate that T. crispa poses several pharmacological properties. One of those is the antioxidant activity, acting as a free radical scavenger. The objective of this study was to determine the antioxidative properties of T. crispa and to compare the different ethanol solvents used for extraction.

Methods: The amount of 300 g T. crispa powder was extracted using 70%, 80%, and 96% ethanol. The spectrophotometry method is used to assess the total flavonoid and polyphenol contents as well athe s DPPH assay.

Results: The 80% ethanol had the highest flavonoid content 0.090% ± [0.453%], while 96% ethanol indicated the lowest 0.038% ± [3.090%]. In the case of phenolic content, 96% ethanol showed the highest result 0.521 ± [11.341%]. However, this value was relatively comparable with the other solvents. The highest DPPH activity was shown by 80% ethanol 6.46 mg ± [3.04 mg].

Conclusion: Despite low in the concentration, flavonoid and polyphenol content was successfully determined from T. crispa by using different ethanol solvents. Based on the result of antioxidants concentration and activity, 80% ethanol is the most ideal solvent to be used for extraction of T. crispa.

Abstract: The decision that declared COVID-19 as a pandemic in March 2020 had become a medical emergency that also effects kidney transplantation program and care. Kidney transplantation has been a definitive treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients since it improves patient’s quality of life. However great the beneficence is, kidney transplant procedure still carries high risk of COVID-19 infection especially for recipients who are obliged to take immunosuppression agents after transplantation.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate kidney transplant procedure in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital within before and during pandemic based on recipients’ and donors’ characteristics and laboratory findings such as creatinine and urine time.

Patients and methods: This study is designed as a cross-sectional analytic research to evaluate 30 patients that underwent kidney transplant in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital within before (April 2019-2020) and during (April 2020-2021) COVID-19 era. Data analyses were carried out using SPSS version 25.0 and were served with simple charts and tables.

Results: There is a decrement of kidney transplant procedure within before (n=16) and during (n=14) COVID-19. Age group of recipients that underwent the most of transplantation before pandemic are 20-29 years old while during pandemic are 40-49 years old. There is no significant difference in length-of-stay within before (12.0±4.17 days) and during (9.29±3.73 days) COVID-19 (p=0,077). Laboratory findings such as creatinine of pre-transplantation (9.47±4.05; 7.81±6.00) and 3 months’ post-transplantation (1,55±0,78; 1,15±0,67) also did not show significant changes (p=0,153) as well as urine time (245.60±225.55; 428.38±657.70; p=0.321).

Conclusion: There is a decrement of kidney transplant procedure in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital within before and during COVID-19 era. There are no significant differences found within length-of-stay, creatinine pre and 3 months’ post-transplantation and urine time. On the whole, transplant outcomes have remained similar within pre and during COVID-19 era.

Introduction: Various surgical procedures have been found to effectively treat intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), including transcortical selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SAH), which is intended to protect the temporal lobe and to prevent interference with vascular structure. This research analyzed the outcome of post-operative seizure-free with transcortical selective amygdalohippocampectomy for intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy patients in a minimum two-year follow-up after surgery.

Methods: Data of one hundred ninety-two patients who had undergone transcortical selective amygdalohippocampectomy for non-lesional, medically intractable, temporal lobe epilepsy were analyzed.

Result: The statistical analysis indicated that Focal to Bilateral Tonic-Clonic Seizure had a more significant outcome (p=0.019) than other seizures. In all research subjects, after three, six, and twelve years of follow-up, the chance for a seizure-free after surgery was respectively 93.2 percent, 67.9 percent, and 36.7 percent with a median average survival period for all subjects of 11.00 years (95 % CI: 8.55 – 13.44)

Conclusions: Transcortical selective amygdalohippocampectomy is an effective therapy for intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and provides a satisfactory outcome. The transcortical approach allows an appropriate operative field by careful dissection with limited retraction to eliminate the epileptogenic target while preventing damage to the underlying vascular and cortical structures.

Introduction: The elderly will experience a decrease in health status caused by either disease or nature, so they are at risk of suffering from hypertension. Hypertension can be controlled by medication adherence. Self-efficacy is a factor that plays an important role in medication adherence. The important role of self-efficacy lies in a person's self-knowledge, which refers to self-confidence in achieving hypertension treatment goals. To identify the relationship between self-efficacy and the level of medication adherence in the elderly with hypertension.

Methods: This study used a cross-sectional method with a random sampling technique. The sample of this study was 60 older people in Mejing Wetan. The measuring instrument used was MASES-R to measure self-efficacy and MMAS-8 to measure medication adherence. Univariate analysis used descriptive statistical analysis, while Bivariate analysis with SPSS used the Chi-Square analysis method. There will be a significant relationship if p is < 0.05.

Results: The results showed that the respondents' self-efficacy is dominated by the moderate category (41.7%), (73.3%) respondents were disobedient in taking medication, and the significance value was p=0.000. It indicated a significant relationship between self-efficacy and medication adherence as p<0.05. In addition, the correlation results were very strong (r=0.781).

Conclusion: There was a strong relationship and a positive direction between self-efficacy and the level of medication adherence in the elderly with hypertension

Introduction: Health professionals as key players in the health effort, who must prepare to face the 'triple burden' of challenges such as the current pandemic COVID-19. Closely related to interprofessional education is the realization of a workforce that is prepared through independent learning to face change, social order, culture, labor needs and technological advances. The purpose of this study was to assess acceptance of interprofessional education among health-based undergraduate educators.

Methods: Cross-sectional study design. Respondents are 45 educators from 141 educators from the Public Health, Nutrition, Nursing, Medicine, Midwifery, Occupational Health and Safety, and Medical Laboratory Technology Study Program. The instrument is a questionnaire that refers to the Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale (IEPS) in the form of multiple-choice questions and the results are analyzed descriptively.

Results: The result of the study is respondents agree that educators need to work with other professions through interprofessional education is 62,2%. Respondents that said about individuals in their profession are very positive about their contributions and achievements are 71,1%. 68.9% of respondents trust each other's professional judgment. There are 40% of respondents who do not agree with the assumption that their status profession is looked higher than other professions. 64,4% of respondents understand that they need to make every effort to understand the capabilities and contributions of other professions.

Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that educators' perceptions of IPE can provide an understanding of the need for collaboration and a better attitude in teamwork through interdisciplinary education. Further research is needed to explore other factors that may influence specific perceptions among educators.

Background: Conjunctiva, when injured, can heal spontaneously. However, in extensive wounds, wound healing is often accompanied by scarring and wound contraction. Currently, for cases of disease and trauma to the surface of the eyeball, it can be reconstructed using the amniotic membrane, but there are still weaknesses in the use of amnion. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is currently being developed for the reconstruction of ocular surface wounds.

Methods: A total of 20 male New Zealand rabbits (20 eyes) were divided into two groups. In the first group, conjunctival excision and PRF membrane graft suturing were performed on the right eye conjunctival defect, while the second group had an amniotic membrane sutured on the right eye conjunctival defect. On the 14^th day, enucleation was carried out and continued with histopathological examination using immunohistochemistry using TGF antibodies and type 1 collagen to evaluate the levels of TGF and type 1 collagen in the conjunctiva.

Results: The results after 14 days of treatment showed that there was a very significant difference in TGF Beta expression between the AMT group and the PRF group (p = 0.007*; <0.05). However, in the expression of type 1 collagen, there was no significant difference in the expression of type 1 collagen between the AMT group and the PRF group (p = 0.791; >0.05).

Conclusion: There were differences in the expression of TGF-β and type 1 collagen in the administration of the PRF membrane compared to the administration of the amniotic membrane after conjunctival excision of experimental male New Zealand rabbits on day 14.

Introduction: Unachieved exclusive breastfeeding is still a problem in Indonesia. During pandemic covid-19 situation, the condition required to keep the distance from other people resulting the limited access between breastfeeding mothers and midwives. The role of the closest person that is husband is needed to constantly provide support. The objective of this research is to determine the relationship between husband's support during the covid-19 pandemic with exclusive breastfeeding

Methods: The type of research used is an analytic survey with a cross sectional method. The total population are 51 people and the sample of 45 people is taken using purposive sampling technique. Collecting data using questionnaire sheets given to respondents. Data analysis using Chi Square test (X2).

Results: Based on analysis, we found that husband’s support has a significant association with the quality of exclusive breastfeeding with p=0.000.

Conclusion: The result of the research informed husbands who want to provide support in the form of effective communication between husband and wife during the breastfeeding process, able to help breastfeeding mothers to keep the spirit of breastfeeding, and will help provide breast milk as the best food for their babies. There is a significant relationship between husband's support in the success of exclusive breastfeeding during the covid-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Epilepsy is an unprovoked seizure caused by an abnormal paroxysmal neuronal release in the brain. One of epilepsy treatments is anti-epileptic drug divalproex sodium. It is often prescribed to control seizures but it increases body weight. Weight gain may decrease the effectiveness of epilepsy treatment and cause endocrine disorders. CYP2C19 polymorphism may help physicians map patients vulnerable to weight gain due to divalproex sodium. This study aimed to determine the relationship between CYP2C19 polymorphisms and the incidence of weight gain based on gender in epilepsy patients treated with divalproex sodium.  

Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 17 male and 23 female patients. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to identify CYP2C19 polymorphism which was grouped into: extensive metabolizer, intermediate metabolizer and poor metabolizer. The results were analyzed using Chi-squared test to determine the relationship between CYP2C19 and each variable (gender, age, epilepsy types, valproic acid types, family history of obesity and presence of weight gain) based on of gender.

Results: The results showed that there was no statistically significant association between CYP2C19 polymorphisms and gender-based epilepsy patients groups (p>0.05). We found that most of the subjects in this study were women with an increase in body weight by 57.5%. There was no association of CYP2C19 polymorphism with type of divalproex sodium, dose of divalproex sodium, length of treatment, type of epilepsy and family history of obesity.

Conclusion: There is no significant association between CYP2C19 polymorphism and weight gain between genders in epilepsy patients.  

Background: A widespread intra-abdominal organ infection or complicated intra-abdominal infection (cIAI) causes localized peritonitis, intra-abdominal abscess, and diffuse peritonitis. Patients suffer from morbidity and mortality as a result of this condition. Sepsis indicators such as SOFA, WSESSSS, and CPIRO scores were predictors of mortality in cIAI patients. We aimed to examine the performance of WSESSSS, CPIRO, and SOFA scoring systems to predict mortality in patients with cIAI.

Methods: A retrospective cohort, analytic observational study was conducted to assess differences in SOFA, WSESSSS, and CPIRO scoring systems' sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy as predictors of death during treatment in cIAI patients in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya.

Results: A total of 265 patients were evaluated. The optimal cutoff for SOFA was score 5 with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of 77.2%, 87.9%, 77.2%, 87.9%, and 84.2%, respectively. The optimal cutoff for WSESSSS was score 8 with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of 83.7%, 82.7%, 72.0%, 90.5%, and 83.0%, respectively.  The optimal cutoff for CPIRO was 4 with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy values of 62.0%, 90.2%, 77.0%, 81.7%, and 80.4%, respectively. Patients with high scores had a higher percentage of being hospitalized longer and cost higher than patients with a low score.

Conclusion: The SOFA, WSESSSS, and CPIRO scoring systems had comparable performance in predicting mortality in patients with cIAI. Considering the performance of WSESSSS, the use of WSESSSS alone may be sufficient enough to predict the outcome of patients with cIAI in Indonesia.

Introduction: Recognition of conus medullaris position, contains lumbosacral plexuses which supply motor and sensory innervation to the whole lower limb, pelvic and perineal areas, is critical to avoid injury due to lumbar procedures, such as spinal anesthesia and lumbar punctures. This study aimed to investigate the position of conus medullaris among Indonesians through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital in order to minimize the risk of conus medullaris trauma.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the conus medullaris level and its correlation to gender and age Indonesian patients. The data were collected from lumbar MRI at Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital during January 2020 and December 2021. The level variations of conus medullaris were recorded and determined as the highest, lowest and most common location descriptively.

Results: A total of 257 patients (126 male and 131 female) were included. The highest level of conus medullaris was in T11-T12 vertebrae (five patients). There were 12 patients in T12 vertebrae, T12–L1 in 86 patients, L1 in 62 patients, L1–L2 in 76 patients, and L2 in 12 patients. The lowest level was in between L2 and L3 vertebrae in 4 patients. Gender and age had no association with conus medullaris level.

Conclusion: The lowest level of conus medullaris was in between L2 and L3 vertebrae. The lumbar procedure such as punctures should be done below the L3 to avoid conus medullaris puncture trauma.

Introduction: There are still many people in Indonesia who are not aware of the importance of information related to the early symptoms that must be experienced when they become patients. Not infrequently, this lack of information disclosure results in misdiagnosis and even leads to unexpected death. Anamnesis is a process where the doctor or medical record nurse gives several questions about the clinical pathway in the form of a narrative to facilitate early identification of the disease, and the results of this history-taking process are stored in the Electronic Medical Record (EMR). EMR narratives often cannot be processed by computers if language literacy is not standardized or ambiguous, so the need to overcome this problem requires the use of technology to minimize misdiagnosis and facilitate the identification process by developing digitization in the form of mobile applications that are integrated with Natural Language Processing technology and ICD-11 in the symptom identification process. This study aims to identify ICD-11 symptoms based on clinical NLP mobile application to diagnose the disease (ICD-11).

Methods: The applications of Natural language processing includes literature study, Voice Recognition, Tokenization, Stemming, The process of Stopwords Removal, Named Entity Recognition, Data Translation, Access ICD Data, and Mobile User Interfaces.

Results: Named Entity Recognition (NER) is used to identify symptoms of digestive system diseases, with an accuracy rate of 74.3%. In stemming and stopwords processing, the NLP accuracy rates are 95.9% and 97.2%, respectively.

Conclusions: This research focuses on the application mobile and development of the Named Entity Recognition (NER) model. The importance of the NLP process in the development of information, especially for word processing, aims as a device that simplifies speech recognition systems to be more helpful.

Introduction: Several studies showed 324 severe cases of COVID-19 and 1234 mild cases with the highest comorbidities of Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Chronic Obstruvtives Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and Cardiovascular disease. These comorbid factors lead to a poor prognosis in COVID-19. Chest radiography is an important modality as one of the parameters that can indicate the severity of COVID-19. This study aims to determine the relationship between Covid-19, comorbid Hypertension, and Diabetes Mellitus with chest radiography.

Method: This research is analitic observational with cross-sectional, relationship between Covid-19 patients with comorbid Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus with chest radiography (type, location, and extent of lesions) that Modified Chest X-Ray Scoring System in Evaluating Severity of COVID-19 Patient in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia in 2021, COVID-19 radiology category.  The data from PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital, Yogyakarta retrospectively from the medical records of Covid-19 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Chi-Square analyzed the results variables with unpaired categorization.

Result: Most of the respondents who had comorbid diseases had moderate chest radiological features (65.4%) and those who did not have comorbid diseases had mild chest radiological features (71.9%), the results of chi-square data analysis between variables were p: 0.000.

Conclusion: The results of data analysis showed that comorbid diseases had a significant relationship with chest radiography in patients with confirmed COVID-19. The novelty of this study is the importance of radiological modalities as one of the parameters that can indicate the severity of Covid-19 patients with comorbidities.

Introduction: Many studies have provided non-pharmacological therapies to overcome health problems, including maternal and child health. One is how to overcome sleep disorders often complained about in pregnant women's third trimester. Some previous studies have analyzed aromatherapy using floral fragrances by inhaling aromatherapy oil directly or applied to cotton and using one type of aroma only, while inhalation using a diffuser and combining two or more similar scents have not been studied. The combination of both compositionally and beneficial aromas can complement each other, for example, lemongrass and lemon. This study aimed to examine the impact of essential oils diffuser and mix aromatherapy lemon grass on sleep quality and anxiety levels in pregnant women in their third trimester.

Methods: This study used quasi-experimental studies with one group pre-test and post-test. The research sample is 48 pregnant women in the third trimester of Wonokromo were selected with simple random sampling. The Independent variable is aromatherapy interventions (blended lemongrass and lemon) inhalation using diffuser, while the dependent variables are sleep quality. Data collection instrument using Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data analysis using Wilcoxon test with α=0.05.

Results: After being given aromatherapy intervention, almost all respondents have good sleep quality, 8-point increase in average sleep quality score. The results of the Wilcoxon test obtained a value of ρ = 0.01.

Conclusion: Essential oils diffuser blend aromatherapy of lemongrass and lemon effectively improves the sleep quality of third-trimester pregnant women. Aromatherapy makes participants feel relaxed, comfortable, and feel sleepy better. For health workers, this technique can be one of the practical options for non-pharmacological therapy to decrease discomfort during pregnancy.

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The occurrence of metastasis in breast cancer should be detected early. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is involved in every step of the carcinogenesis process. A rise in TNF-α level is linked to the advancement of breast cancer. We aimed to determine the association between TNF-α levels and breast cancer metastases.

Methods: An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted on women with breast cancer treated at the Oncology Surgery Center between November 2021 and April 2022. The patient's data were collected from the medical record, including age, menopausal status, tumor size and lymph node involvement, and tumor subtype. The serum TNF-α level was measured using ELISA. The optimal cut-off value was determined using the receiver operating characteristics analysis. The association between serum TNF-α and the incidence of breast cancer metastases was analyzed using SPSS version 26 for Windows.

Results: We analyzed a total of 50 patients. The mean age was 48.8 ± 8.3 years. The serum TNF-α level was divided into high-TNF-α and low-TNF-α using a cut-off value of 22.755 pg/mL. There were 27 patients (27/50; 54.0%) with high serum TNF-α levels and 23 patients (23/50; 46.0%) with low TNF-α levels. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 73.9%, 63.0%, 63,0%, 73,9%, and 68%, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between serum TNF-α levels and metastatic breast cancer (p=0.009).

Conclusion: There was a significant association between TNF-α levels and metastatic breast cancer. Serum TNF-α may be a potential biomarker to detect metastasis in breast cancer patients.

Background: Based on the onset of events, the most common neonatal sepsis is early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS), which occurs within the first 72 hours of life. Blood culture is the gold standard for EONS, but this examination takes a long time to provide the results. However, the latest method is obtained to determine the shift to the left granulocytic image by counting Immature Granulocyte (IG). This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the IG Ratio for diagnosing EONS in neonates suspected of having sepsis.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 60 EONS patients consecutively, who met the inclusion criteria from January to June 2022 at Prof. dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital, Bali. Variables assessed in this study included age, gender, delivery methods, birth status, birthweight, blood culture, complete blood count (CBC), I/T ratio, and IG ratio. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 for Windows.

Results: The cut-off point of the IG Ratio was 2.21 (AUC=0.670 (0,490-0,851); p=0.041; OR: 8.021 (2.283-28.185); p=0.001), which had a sensitivity of 64.7% and a specificity of 81.4% for diagnosing EONS in neonates suspected of having sepsis. The results also obtained a Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 85.35 and a Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 57.89.

Conclusion: The cut-off point of the IG Ratio of 2.21 has a risk factor of 8.021 times higher for diagnosing EONS in neonates with sepsis.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women. Many studies of adjuvant therapy have used the Quran recitation (later will be mentioned as the murotal approach). The murotal approach has been shown to induce feelings of well-being, enhance therapeutic response, and aid in patient healing. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the murotal approach on lymphocytic cell activity in inducing programmed cancer cell necrosis in a breast cancer mouse model.

Methods: After testing in a fully randomized design using 24 female mice (Mus musculus) BALB/c strain, a real-world experimental study with a control group design method. The mice were divided into four groups: negative control (K-), positive control (K+), treatment group (P1) which receiving the murotal approach for 2 hours and 30 minutes per day for a week, and the (P2) which receiving the murotal approach for 30 minutes in five times a day for a week. Mice were subcutaneously injected with DMBA 0.56 mg/20 g every 2 days for 3 weeks. The murotal approach was using specifically in Surah al-Faatihah and Al-Baaqarah from Qori' Al-Mathrud. Cancer tissue was harvested 5 weeks after her. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis hypothesis test.

Results: There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the effect between the P2 treatment group that received murotal therapy for 30 minutes at each prayer time and the other groups. The efficacy of treatment murotal for 2 hours and 30 minutes per day does not affect the extent of lymphocytic infiltration.

Conclusion: From the research, the dosage of murotal therapy to increase the degree of lymphocyte infiltration is for 30 minutes five times a day, or during prayer time.

Background: Combine Oral Contraceptives (COCs) pills is one of the many popular contraceptives worldwide, with 100 million women who use contraceptive pills. To increase the choice of oral contraceptives, COCs Novadiol® (Pill A) domestic production, which has the same dosage as Microgynon® (Pill B), are still imported drugs. This study aims to determine Pill A's efficacy, safety and acceptance level compared to Pill B for 3 months.

Methods: The study was a randomized control clinical trial, an open-label trial in 200 women of childbearing age who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from July to November 2015. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 for Windows.

Results: About 300 participants were selected and 200 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria who participated study from the beginning to the end of the study period. In the first month of observation, 1 complaint of dizziness in pill A and 2 from pill B. One nausea complaint was found in the participant from Pill A. These differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). In the second month of observation, 1 complained of dizziness from pill B and 1 nausea from Pill A. In the third month, observation found no complaints about using Pill A and pill B. There were changes in menstrual patterns in both pills and bleeding outside the cycle during the use of 3 months, but they were not statistically significant (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Pills A has the same efficacy, safety and acceptance when compared to the use of birth control pills B for 3 months.

Background: Skin is considered a reflection of a person's appearance, so it is normal if many people try to take care of their skin, especially facial skin, and retard the aging process. Dermoscopy is a quick, non-invasive technique that allows physicians to observe the skin. Different ethnic groups may show different signs of aging on the face. Medan is a multiethnic city and thus might show facial skin aging differently. This study aimed to evaluate facial skin aging through the Dermoscopic Photoaging Scale (DPAS) and assess the relationship between DPAS, Glogau and Fitzpatrick scales among various ethnic groups in Medan, Indonesia.

Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 155 subjects from 10 ethnicities in Medan. The examination of facial aging is based on DPAS using 11 criteria, the Glogau scale, and the Fitzpatrick skin type.

Results: Malay and Karonese got the highest DPAS score. There was a significant difference between DPAS, Glogau, and Fitzpatrick in age (p = <0.001,<0.001 and 0.032), and Fitzpatrick scores in ethnicity (p <0.001). There was a strong and significant correlation between DPAS and Glogau scores (p < 0.001, r = 0.748), while DPAS and Fitzpatrick's scores showed a moderate and significant correlation (p < 0.001, r = 0.288).

Conclusion: The highest DPAS scores were found in the Malay and Karonese ethnic groups. There were significant differences between DPAS, Glogau, and Fitzpatrick in age and Fitzpatrick scores in ethnicity. There was a strong and significant correlation between DPAS scores and the Glogau scale and a moderate and significant correlation between DPAS and Fitzpatrick scores in various ethnic groups.

Introduction: The current burden of malnutrition in Indonesia is trifold. The nutrition programme component aims to reduce the triple burden of malnutrition throughout the life cycle, through support to maternal nutrition, prevention of stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, nutrition for school-age children and adolescents, and overweight prevention. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors to accelerate the reducing stunting cases in Jombang regency, with optimal convergence actions and cross sectoral effort.

Methods: This study is a qualitative study with a case study approach. The study is located in 11 village in Jombang regency. This study was conducted in September-November 2021. Data collection was carried out in in 11 village in Jombang district East Java Province, Curah Malang Village, Murukan Village, Diwek Village, Rejoslamet Village, Dukuh Klopo, Pakel, Kali Kejambon, Jombatan, Sumber Mulyo, Gadingmangu, Darurejo.  

Results: The percentage of stunting in 2018 to 2021 has decreased significantly. According to data from the Bappeda of Jombang Regency on November 29, 2021, the stunting performance review activity showed that, in 2018 the number of cases in Jombang Regency was 20.1% with the number of stunting toddlers being 15,056 children, experiencing a decrease of 9.8% in 2021. The percentage of case data in 2021 is 10.3% with a total of 7,518 stunting children under five

Conclusion: The percentage of stunting in 2018 to 2021 has decreased significantly which is influenced by various factors that need to be controlled to reduce the incidence of stunting in Jombang regency.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with obesity are more susceptible to liver injury. There is currently no published overview regarding COVID-19 patients with liver injury in Indonesia. Our study reported 7 cases of obese COVID-19 patients with an increase of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), followed by 5 of them developing severe symptoms of COVID-19 in isolation room of Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya within June-December 2020.

Case Presentation: A total of 7 COVID-19 patients, by the average age 46.2±15.5 years, were obese. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 36,3±3,4 kg/m2. Five of them experienced serious symptoms. There were 3 patients (patient no. 2, 4, 7) who had normal SGOT level, while the rest had an increased SGOT level for <2x upper limit of normal (ULN) at admission. During treatment, SGOT level increased in 5 patients for 1-<3x ULN and normal in the rest of them (patient no. 2, 4). Meanwhile, the normal SGPT levels were shown in 3 patients (patient no. 2, 4, 7) and increased in 4 others at admission for 1-<4x ULN. All of them tended to have an increased SGPT level during treatment for 1-<5x ULN. However, since the increase of SGOT and/or SGPT for >3x ULN is defined as liver injury, it happened in 2 patients that occur since admission (patient no. 3) and during treatment (patient no. 5).

Conclusion: Obesity may impede the recovery of COVID-19 and manifest in the deterioration of liver function.

Background: Striae distensae (SD) is a common skin disorder in the form of linear atrophy, which arises due to stretching and is one of the most common cosmetic problems. There is no scoring system to assess the severity of striae distensae that is easy to use, non-invasive, and consistent and can be used to evaluate SD treatment. This study formulated and validated a scoring system to assess the severity of striae distensae.

Methods: This study was a descriptive observational study with a cross sectional approach involving 30 female health workers at the Universitas Sumatra Utara Hospital. Assessment of SD severity in six regions using four parameters.

Results: A scoring system for the severity of striae distensae has been formulated, named the INA score, to assess the severity of SD in six regions; mammae, axilla, abdomen, femur, gluteus and poplitea using four parameters; the number of lines, the size of the longest striae distensae line, color, and itchy. The results of the validation test are statistically valid (r-value>0.361), and the reliability test is found to be reliable (Cronbach's Alpha>0.361).

Conclusion: The formulation of a valid and reliable scoring system, named the INA score, has been obtained to assess the severity of striae distensae measured at six locations and four parameters.

Introduction: Corona Virus Infection 2019 (Covid-19) is still a problem faced by all countries in the world, including Indonesia. Islamic boarding schools are a vulnerable place to be cluster spread of COVID-19 because there is much interactivity in a limited environment. This study aims to study the impact of Covid-19 on the personal hygiene behavior of female students in Islamic Boarding School.

Methods: The research design is cross-sectional. The sample in this study was 117.  Data collection using questionnaires and interviews by applying strict health protocols. Data analysis used univariate and bivariate.

Results: The results of the study informed that before covid-19 there were many female students who did not practice personal hygiene properly. Meanwhile, during the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the female students had practiced personal hygiene with sufficient category. Conclusion: There was a significant change in the personal hygiene behavior of female students in Islamic boarding schools before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Tooth extraction is a procedure with the highest prevalence of causing alveolar bone damage. After extraction, the dimension will change. This procedure needs a balance of bone formation and resorption. Osteocytes are the most common cells in bone and have an essential role in bone formation. This study explores the effect of bovine tooth grafts on the number of osteocytes in the socket preservation process post-dental extraction.

Methods: A total of 28 Wistar rats, 14 control and 14 treatment groups, were extracted on the lower left incisor. Control group with PEG without induction and treatment group with bovine tooth graft and PEG induction. On the 14th and 28th days, the rats were euthanized. Then perform histological examination with HE staining and cell counting using a light microscope

Results:  We found the treatment group had higher the average number of the osteocyte, which was 146.43±11.41 on 14th day and 288.14±161.91 on 28th day. There was a significant increase in osteocytes among the treatment group compared to the control (p=0.000).

Conclusion: Bovine tooth graft application as dental socket preservation was proven to increase the number of osteocyte cells in the alveolar bone of Wistar rats after extraction. Bovine tooth grafts as dental socket preservation materials increased the number of osteocytes at a peak at 28 days.

Background: Thyroid cancer continues to be a problem all over the world, with the number of cases increasing year after year. We aimed to examine the association between various laboratory parameters and follicular-type thyroid nodules. We also examined the performance of several parameters to differentiate malignant and benign follicular thyroid lesions.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study to determine the association between various laboratory parameters and follicular-type thyroid nodules in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya.

Results: A total of 62 patients were examined. The NLR in the follicular carcinoma group was 2.26 ± 1.35, whereas the NLR in the adenoma group was 2.72 ± 0.74. The average lymphocyte in the follicular carcinoma group was significantly higher than the adenoma group, 2.20 ± 0.78 vs. 1.76 ± 0.82. With a cut-off value of 2.405, NLR had a 69.40% accuracy rate for diagnosing a follicular adenoma (sensitivity: 70%; specificity: 69.2%, PPV: 30.4%, NPV: 92.3%). Lymphocyte had an accuracy of 80.6% in detecting follicular carcinoma (cut-off: 1.625; sensitivity: 80.8%; specificity: 80.0%, PPV: 95.5%, NPV: 44.4%). With an accuracy of 72.6% (cut-off: 270.500; sensitivity: 71.2%; specificity: 80.0%, PPV: 94.9%, NPV: 34.8%), platelet value is a promising parameter for differentiating follicular cancer and adenoma. There was a significant relationship between NLR, lymphocyte, and platelet with follicular-type thyroid nodules (P < 0.05 for all).

Conclusion: NLR, lymphocytes, and platelets are potential biomarkers that can be used to differentiate follicular thyroid carcinoma and follicular thyroid adenoma.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the community's disruption of nutrition and health services, including the closure of an integrated healthcare center (posyandu) in many areas in Indonesia. Posyandu plays an important role in nutrition services, particularly in detecting and managing growth and development disorders, such as stunting. This study aims to identify the improvement of knowledge in health cadres and community leaders in areas with high cases of severe acute malnutrition (SAM), namely, Temon, Kalibawang, and Dekso subdistricts in Kulon Progo, DIY, which followed a capacity-building program about strengthening the role of the community in the delivery of nutrition programs.

Methods: The program was conducted through interactive online seminars to ensure the continuity of essential nutrition care services during this pandemic. This study used a one-group pre-test and post-test design. Knowledge measurement was conducted in three consecutive online seminars with 180 participants: health cadres/volunteers, village heads, community leaders, nursery/early years teachers, and academicians. The pre-test and post-test questionnaires were spread through Google Forms before and after online seminars and assessed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test.

Results: The results showed that the participants improved their knowledge in webinars I and III (p-value 0.001). However, there was no significant improvement in the participants’ knowledge in webinar II (p-value 0.251).

Conclusions: Multi-sectoral collaboration among the government, community leaders, health cadres, health professionals, non-government organizations, institutions, and nursery/early years teachers are needed to reduce stunting, particularly in pandemic situations.

Background: Hydrocephalus is a brain disease that requires prompt treatment. The outcome of hydrocephalus is dependent on early detection and treatment. This study was conducted to analyze the medico-socio-economic perspective on the delayed treatment of hydrocephalus patients, which aimed to advance the practice of neurosurgery in the socio-neurosurgery field, including both preventive and therapeutic aspects.

Method: This was an observational analysis study. The study subjects were all patients with congenital hydrocephalus treated in dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital between January 2017 and December 2019. The study was carried out on January 2017 to December 2019 at the Inpatient Surgery ward, dr Soetomo Academic General Hospital, neurosurgery outpatient unit, and home visits. Research data consists of both primary and medical record data. Data on patient characteristics were obtained through direct interviews with the sample using prepared questionnaires, medical record data, and radiological data of both patients examined at dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital and other health services. Bivariate correlation analysis was performed to assess the effect of each risk factor on the incidence of delay in treatment, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the magnitude of the effect of risk factors.

Result: The number of cases was 101 subjects. A total of 101 patients included as research samples were congenital hydrocephalus patients who received the first treatment at dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019. Up to 50 individuals (49.5%) were delayed in treatment. The data analysis with Chi-square did not reveal a statistically significant correlation between delay in treatment and level of parent's education (p=0.0951), delay in treatment and economic status ((p=0.4955). Delays in the treatment of congenital hydrocephalus were statistically significant and correlated with Posyandu's role (p=0.0012), health insurance ownership (p=0.0001), family support (p=0.0130), and professional medical decisions (p=0.0001). Health insurance ownership has the smallest p-value (0.000) and largest wald (16.545) in the multivariate logistic regression analysis calculation using the enter method. The insurance ownership variable has the most significant and largest partial influence on the delay in treating congenital hydrocephalus.

Conclusion: There were 101 patients included, and up to 50 individuals (49.5%) were delayed in treatment. Parents' education level and socioeconomic status were not associated with delayed treatment of congenital hydrocephalus. Delays in managing congenital hydrocephalus were influenced by Posyandu's role, health insurance ownership, family support, and professional medical decisions.           

Background: Coronavirus disease-19 is a disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This virus is the newest type of coronavirus identified in humans. A recent study in 2022 in several different age groups found that older age, men, comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and malignancy, were independent risk factors for mortality in COVID-19 inpatients. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for age and gender in the COVID-19 mortality rate.

Method: The design study was a retrospective case control. The research subjects were 6,697 patients from the secondary data medical record from March 2020 to September 2021 at Pasar Minggu Regional General Hospital.

Results: Results obtained 3313 men (49.5%) and 3384 women (50.5%). Men patients have a 1.5 times greater risk of mortality rate [OR 1.5 (1.3-1. 7)] compared to women. Elderly patients have a 3 times greater mortality risk than non-elderly people [OR 3.1 (2.6-3.7)]. There was a correlation between the after-treatment condition and age (p = 0.05).

Conclusion: This study concludes that the elderly and men are the risk factors for the mortality rate in COVID-19 patients at Pasar Minggu Regional General Hospital.

Background: This study determined the effect of adding grape skin extract (Vitis vinifera L.) to the diet of Wistar rats fed with high cholesterol on levels of SGPT and SGOT and the structure of liver tissue.

Methods: This study used 5 groups, namely control (standard diet), P1 (high cholesterol diet), P2 (high cholesterol diet and extract of grape skin as much as 100 mg/200 gBW/day), P3 (high cholesterol diet and extract of grape skin as much as 250 mg/200 gBW/day) and P4 (high cholesterol diet and extract of grape skin 500 mg/200 gBW/day). The study began with the production of extracts, the extracts dosage determination, high cholesterol diet preparation, sample (animals) preparation, extract addition to animals, SGPT and SGOT levels measurement, rat liver histopathology preparation and histopathological features observation, then ended with data analysis.

Results: The results showed that administration of grape skin extract in Wistar rats fed a high-cholesterol diet affected the levels of SGPT and SGOT, as well as parenchymatous degeneration of hepatocytes. Administration of grape skin extract as much as 500 mg/200 g BW/day had the lowest mean levels of SGPT and SGOT and the lowest parenchymatous degeneration of hepatocytes.

Conclusion: Thus, the extract of grape skin (Vitis vinifera L.) has the potential of hepatoprotector because it contains anthocyanin, which functions as an antioxidant and protects against liver damage.

Introduction: Hypertension in adolescents’ risk factors include foods that contain high sodium, lack of physical activity, stress, obesity, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Order to prevent hypertension incidence in adolescents by increasing self-awareness through the provision of health education. This study aimed to determine the health education effect regarding the risk factors of hypertension (stress and sodium diet) on the self-awareness of undergraduate students in Yogyakarta.

Methods: This study was a quantitative study with a quasi-experiment pretest & posttest with a control group design. The hypertension self-awareness questionnaire was used in this study and the results will be classified into two groups (the control and the intervention group). The sample obtained in this study was 54 respondents. The Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was done in this study.

Results: It showed that there were significant differences in the intervention group and control group. There were significant differences in results found before and after health education (significance value 0.000), while the result for the control group is 0.06, which indicates that there were no significant differences before and after the leaflet.

Conclusions: It can be concluded that health education regarding risk factors for hypertension (stress and a high sodium diet) can increase self-awareness for undergraduate students in Yogyakarta.

Background: The ongoing COVID-19 impacts the world of health, including IRC BDU. There is a need for a rapid response and countermeasures to meet the enormous challenge of balancing blood supply and demand. IRC BDU Banda Aceh in collaboration with the Aceh Government has carried out the civil servant (CS) movement for blood donation. This movement has been carried out since June 2020 until now. The CS donation movement is one of the IRC BDU strategies for the City of Banda Aceh in preserving donors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aims to see the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the implementation of strategies at IRC BDU Banda Aceh City on the number of blood donors at IRC BDU Banda Aceh City.

Methods: This type of research is a descriptive study with a cross sectional survey design. The first quarter of the analysis was carried out to compare the initial period of the 2020 pandemic with the non-pandemic year 2019 to see the impact of the pandemic on the number of blood donors. The second quarter analyzed the impact of the 2020 pandemic with the implementation of the strategy carried out in 2021 on the number of blood donors at IRC BDU Banda Aceh.

Results: There was a 12.8% decrease in the number of blood donors in the 2020 period compared to the 2019 period (Mann Whitney test, p-value = 0.038). This shows the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the decline in the number of blood donors at IRC BDU Banda Aceh in 2020. In the second quarter, the government's strategy to deal with the shortage of blood supply with the CS donor movement succeeded in increasing the number of blood donors by 12.7% (Mann Whitney test, p-value = 0.242) in 2021 (compared to 2020). This shows that the implementation of the COVID-19 handling strategy from the local government plays an important role in increasing the number of blood donors at IRC BDU Banda Aceh. but there was no significant difference in the average number of donors each month.

Conclusion: Management and government participation in mobilizing blood donors and proper utilization are the keys to blood availability during the covid-19 pandemic era.

Introduction: Oxidative damage can be brought on by inhaling free radicals from cigarette smoke. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a byproduct of lipid peroxidation, is a biomarker for oxidative stress. Beta vulgaris L., sometimes known as beetroot, is a root vegetable with phenolic and betalain chemicals that have antioxidant qualities and can reduce oxidative stress in the body.

Determine how beetroot juice affects male Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke regarding their MDA levels.

Methods: 24 samples of male Wistar rats, separated into 4 groups, were utilized in this genuine experimental investigation using a posttest-only control group design. Traditional food and beverages were served to Group N. Two cigarettes were smoked each day by the cigarette smoking group, BV1, and BV2. Beta vulgaris L. juice was also administered to group BV1 at a dose of 8 ml/kg BW per day and to group BV2 at 16 ml/kg BW per day. MDA serum levels were measured using the TBARS technique after 28 days of therapy. The one-way ANOVA and the Games-Howell test were used to evaluate the data.

Result: The group control's mean MDA level was 1,539 ppm; the cigarette smoking group was 3,167 ppm; BV1's was 2,452 ppm, and BV2's was 2,0527 ppm. Between-group control and cigarette smoking group BV1 and BV2, as well as between BV1 and BV2, there were significant differences in MDA levels (p 0,05).

Conclusion: The MDA levels of the groups exposed to cigarette smoke and given beetroot juice were lower than those of the groups exposed to cigarette smoke alone, with the MDA levels of the group given a dosage of 8 ml/kg BW being lower than the group given a dose of 16 ml/kg BW.

Introduction: Patients with thalassemia experience a synthesis of one of the beta chains of the globin gene, resulting in reduced hemoglobin formation. Patients with beta-thalassemia major require routine transfusions and iron chelation. Both of these cause impaired kidney function. This study aims to determine the relationship between the amount of blood transfusion and the amount of iron chelation with blood urea and saliva levels in children with beta-thalassemia major.

Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at Moewardi Hospital, Solo using patients with beta-thalassemia major as subjects, taken by consecutive sampling from September to November 2018. The data on blood transfusion, iron chelation, and blood urea levels were obtained from medical records. Unstimulated saliva was taken in the morning. The urease method was used to assess the salivary urea levels and all data was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis.

Result: The results showed the mean amount of transfusion was 71.9 ± 34.3, the amount of iron chelation 61.0 ± 32.1, blood urea levels 4.41 ± 1.1 mg / dL, and salivary urea levels 35.6 ± 12.5 mg / dL. Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the amount of blood transfusion and the amount of iron chelation with blood and saliva urea levels. There was also a positive correlation between blood urea and saliva levels.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the amount of blood transfusion and iron chelation affects urea levels in blood and saliva in children with beta-thalassemia major. The close correlation between blood and saliva urea indicates that salivary urea can be used as an alternative assessment of blood urea.

Background: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) serves as the host adaptive immune response in breast cancer. TIL has the potential to be an independent prognostic factor in breast cancer patients. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between stromal TIL and recurrence in locally advanced breast cancer patients.

Methods: A cohort retrospective study was conducted using medical records of female breast cancer patients with locally advanced breast cancer. We collected patients' data, including demographic data from the medical record. Stromal TIL was examined following the recommendations of the International TIL Working Group 2014.

Results: 75 samples were included with an average age of 49.5±8.4. Ductal carcinoma was the most common type histologically (88.0%). Luminal B Her2-negative was the predominant breast cancer subtype (32.0%). There was a significant association between the breast cancer subtype and disease-free survival (P – 0.014). The optimal cut-off to determine the recurrence of breast cancer was 15%. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of TIL to predict the 24-month disease-free survival (DFS) were 80.5%, 82.4%, 84.6%, 77.8%, and 81.3%, respectively. Every 10% increase in TIL percentage could raise the DFS by 5.45 months (p=0.001). Patients with high TIL values had higher survival than those with low TIL values.

Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between the stromal TIL and the recurrence rate. The pre-therapy stromal TIL percentage can be employed as a potential biomarker to predict breast cancer recurrence, particularly in the first two years.

Background: Granulation tissue is formed during the proliferative phase of wound healing. In the presence of granulation tissue, the process of epithelialization can take place. Disturbance in the formation of granulation tissue, especially hyper-granulation, will result in an abnormal wound healing process. Antihistamines have been shown to have an effect on abnormal wound tissue fibroblasts and reduce collagen synthesis both by topical administration in vivo and in vitro culture. This study aimed to investigate the effect of oral antihistamines on granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis involved.

Method: The study design used was an experimental randomized post-test only. Thirty-two rats were divided into 2 groups, wherein group 1 was treated as a control while those in the second group were given oral diphenhydramine with a dose according to body weight. Full-thickness wounds were made on the back of all rats. The treatment was carried out every day for 7 days. On the 7^th day, granulation tissue specimens were taken with an excisional biopsy from the wound. From each granulation tissue sample, data taken were the granulation tissue thickness, collagen density, and the number of capillaries formed.

Results: Using an independent T-test, the mean thickness of granulation tissue in the treatment group was significantly smaller than the control group (215.82 ± 44.73 μm vs. 304.43 ± 58.61 μm, p<0.005). Mann-Whitney test revealed that the mean number of capillaries in the treatment group was significantly less than the control group (38.11 ± 5.31 vs. 69.66 ± 11.81, p<0.005). Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that the collagen density of the treatment group was significantly smaller than the control group (p<0.0001).

Conclusion: Administration of oral antihistamines can inhibit the formation of granulation tissue in full-thickness wounds and also reduce collagen density and angiogenesis. This can serve as a reference for the effect of oral antihistamines on wound healing, especially in the process of granulation tissue formation.

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an easily contagious disease, and not much is known about the characteristics of COVID-19, both in terms of susceptibility, severity, and spreadability of various SARS-CoV-2 strains. Patient genomic factors, especially related to genomic polymorphisms that affect the body's immune system, can influence the course of infectious diseases. The aim of this study is to get an adequate picture regarding gene polymorphisms, both susceptibility and related to the clinical degree in COVID-19 patients.

Methods: The PCR preparations were carried out in the Biomedical laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret. The qualitative PCR (qPCR) examination was sent to the Genetica Science laboratory, Tangerang, West Java. The research subjects were divided into 3 groups, namely COVID-19 patients with no symptoms, COVID-19 patients with mild-moderate symptoms, COVID-19 patients with severe-critical symptoms. The research subjects were taken 6 cc of venous blood (3 cc for examination of serum IL-6 and TNFα levels and 3 cc for DNA examination).

Results: Serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the clinical grade group were almost all above normal values. The frequency of TNF- α polymorphisms (-376G/A) all showed homozygote GG. TNF-α (-308G/A) also showed homozygote GG was dominant for SARS CoV2. IL-6 (-572G/C) polymorphism for cases requiring medium and severe clinical degree hospitalization was found to have more C allele than G allele. IL-6 polymorphism (intron A/G) the G allele is less common in cases requiring hospitalization.

Conclusion: TNF-α(−308A) allele has an influence on the development of clinical symptoms of SARS CoV2 infection. The rs1800796GG genotype in the IL-6 promoter contributes to milder symptoms in SARS CoV2 infection. Allelic variants of the gene under study may show different effects in other races depending on their interactions with other risk factors.

Background: Hypothermic perfusion can be used as adjunctive therapy to reduce corneal endothelial cell damage during phacoemulsification procedures. This study aims to evaluate the effect of hypothermic perfusion on the expression of Superoxide Dismutase-1 (SOD1) and morphological changes in the corneal endothelium after ultrasound energy of phacoemulsification exposure.

Methods: Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits (n=16 eyes) were randomly divided into two groups and exposed to ultrasound energy of phacoemulsification. The control group was administered room temperature (RT) (24°C) Balanced Salt Solution (BSS) intraocular perfusion, and the treatment group was administered hypothermic (4°C) BSS intraocular perfusion. Coefficient of Variation (CV) and hexagonality were measured before and one day after surgery with specular microscopy. The expression of SOD1 was examined by immunohistochemistry staining. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 for Windows.

Results: The result showed that the SOD1 expression was significantly lower in the hypothermic perfusion group compared with the control group (p=0.024, p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in CV changes (p=0.494, p>0.05) and hexagonality changes (p=0.916, p>0.05). There was no correlation between the expression of SOD1 and change in CV (p=0.188, p>0.05) or the expression of SOD1 and change in hexagonality (p=0.763, p>0.05).

Conclusion: Hypothermic perfusion suppresses all metabolic processes, including the expression of SOD1 and ROS production. The coefficient of variation and hexagonality as a representative of corneal endothelial morphology changes also decrease with hypothermic perfusion after ultrasound exposure but are not statistically significant. There is no correlation between the expression of SOD1 and changes in CV and hexagonality.

Introduction: Coriandrum sativum L (ketumbar seeds) nano extract was prepared using chitosan as a nano extract framework and tripolyphosphate as a stabilizer by ionic gelatin method. This study aimed to reduce free radicals in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemic rats by administering Coriandrum sativum L nano extract as nano herbal

Methods: The surface topography of nano extract and characterization of zeta potential particle size was carried out using PSA (Particle Size Analyser). The ability of nano extract as anti-hyperglycaemic on streptozotocin-induced rats was tested using the randomized post-test only control group design.

Results: The result of the antihyperglycemic test on streptozotocin-induced rats showed that oral administration of the nano extract at a dose of 50 mg/Kg BW/day gave the best result for decreasing glucose blood, and MDA and increasing SOD levels in hyperglycaemic rats. The characterization of nano extract using PSA showed change here had been an encapsulation of bioactive substances from Coriandrum sativum L extract on the chitosan-tripolyphosphate absorption of NH, PO groups, and change histopathology pancreas of hyperglycaemic wistar rats. Characterization with PSA strongly supports nano extract as a delivery system for bioactive substances with a zeta potential of -25.80 mV and a particle size of 455.20 nm.

Conclusion: Coriandrum sativum L (ketumbar seeds) nano extract was prepared using chitosan had potential to reduce free radicals in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemic rats.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer still causes high morbidity and death rates worldwide. This study aims to determine the histopathology of colorectal cancer at Cut Meutia Hospital, North Aceh Regency in 2017-2020.

Methods: This research is descriptive with a cross-sectional approach. The total sample of 64 CRC patients was taken by total sampling that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results: Univariate data analysis showed that the most histopathological type of research was found in Adenocarcinoma, amounting to 55 people (88.7%). The anatomical location of cancer was found mostly in the rectum, amounting to 26 people (41.9%). Description of the characteristics according to age and gender was mostly at the age of 45-54 years, amounting to 21 people (33.9%) and male gender which amounted to 36 people (58.1%).

Conclusion: The study showed the distribution of age in CRC patients at Cut Meutia Hospital, North Aceh Regency in 2017-2020, the most were at the age of 45-54 years. The description of characteristics according to gender in CRC patients, most of them were male. This study showed the anatomical location of cancer in CRC patients was more commonly found in the rectum. The histopathology type of CRC was mostly found in Adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Low mood condition is related to a low level of brain serotonin. An early sign of depression with low mood symptoms is generally treated with psychotropic drugs that work as selective serotonin reuptake and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors (one of which is sertraline), to increase serotonin levels in the brain. There are some concerns regarding side effects available medication like serotonin syndrome, suicidality and aggressive behavior. Thus, development of alternative herbal products made from a combination of pineapple and banana extract with less side effect and its potential affinity with serotonin regulation is important.

Aim of the study: To determine potential herbal rich (banana and pineapple) of L-tryptophan and potential active compounds interaction with the human serotonin transporter.

Method: In the present study, using in silico molecular docking techniques, the active compound of banana and pineapple and its potential interaction with human serotonin transporter were assed. Docking study explored the bioactive compounds interactions with specific target like catechin, dopamine, epigallocatechin, gallic acid, L-tryptophan, malvidin, norepinephrine, pelargonidin, peonidin, and serotonin. Molecular docking simulations were performed using AutoDock 4.2 software. The docking method was validated first by re-docking sertraline (nature ligand) in a complex with PDB ID: 6AWO against the target receptor (SERT).

Result: The molecular docking results had showed that L-tryptophan, peonidin, and catechin could bind to esential amino acid residues in the binding pocket, with binding affinity -5.69,  -8.63, -8.24 kcal/mol respectively.

Conclusion: L-tryptophan, peonidin, and catechin are the most promising compounds that have good potency as anti-depressant agents through SERT inhibitory activity. This compounds in bananas and pineapples have the potential to affect serotonin transporter receptors that play a role in mood and behavior.

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden decrease in kidney function due to damage within seven days or less, thus inducing an early stress response that can be promptly detected by biomarkers, such as Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL). The aim of this study was to analyse the role of NGAL level as a biomarker of postoperative prerenal AKI in patients who underwent otorhinolaryngology surgery with controlled hypotension.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted among patients that underwent otorhinolaryngology surgery with controlled hypotension. Patients were selected with purposive sampling. NGAL level was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from venous blood collected 1-hour pre- and 2-hour post-surgery. NGAL levels were compared between preoperative and postoperative states. Wilcoxon and Spearman test were used to determine the correlation between NGAL levels and parameters of AKI.

Results: A total of 30 patients underwent a varies of otorhinolaryngology surgeries were recruited in this study. Our data suggested no significant different between the level of NGAL during preoperative and postoperative (184.73±120.09 ng/mL vs 175.80±129.97 ng/mL). Pre-operative laboratory parameters of AKI such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatine (SCr), BUN/SCr ratio, and GFR had no correlation with postoperative NGAL level. In addition, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, MAP, heart rate, EtCO₂, duration of surgery and the duration of controlled hypotension had no correlation with postoperative NGAL.

Conclusion: NGAL levels have nonsignificant role as biomarker of incidence of postoperative prerenal AKI in patients who receiving otorhinolaryngology surgery with controlled hypotension. However, further study with the bigger sample size is warrant to confirm the findings of this study.

Introduction: Noni fruit is one of the plants that is often used in traditional medicine as a medicine for high blood pressure, beriberi, smooth urination, inflammation of the gallbladder, colitis, dysentery, constipation, spleen pain, liver disease, diabetes and back pain. This study aimed to analyze the content of bioactive compounds, antioxidant properties and cytotoxic activity of fermented noni juice and noni juice.

Method: Identification of the content of bioactive compounds was carried out using Gas Chromatography (GC), antioxidant activity testing using the DPPH method (2,2-Diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazine) and cytotoxic testing using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method.

Results: The results showed that the content of phenolic compounds contained in noni juice and fermented noni juice had strong antioxidant properties with the IC50 value for noni juice of 22.23 ppm and for fermented noni juice of 13.95 ppm. Meanwhile, the results of the cytotoxic test of noni juice and fermented noni showed that the LC50 values of 33.26 ppm and 2.25 ppm respectively.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that both of these materials have high antioxidant activity and potential as anticancer.

Background: Transmission of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms from animals to humans can affect the composition of gut bacteria (gut microbiome) in humans and can also be a potential source of transmission of zoonotic diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the gut microbiome interactions between the human and the livestock.

Method: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted in Mlati District, Slemanm Yogyakarta. The fecal sample was used to identify parasites by using trichrome staining. Then NGS selected samples were used to analyze the gut microbiome using Illumina high throughput 16S rRNA region V3-V4 sequencing.

Result: The analysis showed that Bacteroidetes was prevalent in the HCA group (57%), while Firmicutes (70%) were commonly found in HNC. Regarding the potential parasitic infection, direct microscopic examination and trichrome staining showed that Blastocystis sp and Entamoeba coli cyst was found in several subjects in HCA groups, with prevalence rate at 7.69% and 2.5%. Meanwhile, no parasite was found in HNC feces.

Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the gut microbiome and parasitic infections between the HCA and HNC groups, with Blastocystis sp and Entamoeba coli as the most prevalent parasites.

Introduction: The inflammatory process underlies either osteoarthritis (OA) or metabolic syndrome. Systemic inflammation that occurs in the metabolic syndrome will result in the production of inflammatory cytokines and activation of macrophages and chondrocytes. This can affect the entire body including joints and the surrounding tissues, causing OA. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DMT2) and hypertension are the first and second most common metabolic syndrome components found in OA patients. This study aimed to determine the relationship between metabolic syndrome and knee OA in DMT2 patients with hypertension.

Methods: By using an analytic observational method and cross-sectional design, this study involved the medical records of patients with DMT2. The sample consisted of 50 medical records selected by using the purposive sampling technique and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results: This study involved 25 medical records of patients with and without knee (genu) OA. The characteristics of the sample were as follows: 1 medical record of patient aged 36-45 years, 18 medical records of patients aged 46-55 years, 16 medical records of patients aged 56-65 years, 15 medical records of patients aged > 65 years, 21 medical records of male patients, 29 medical records of female patients, 27 medical records with metabolic syndrome, and 23 medical records without metabolic syndrome. The association between metabolic syndrome and knee (genu) OA was analyzed by using the Chi-Square Test using the SPSS application, where the results showed a significance value of p < 0.05 (p = 0.001).

Conclusion: This study shows that there is a significant association between metabolic syndrome and knee (genu) OA.

Background: Ludwig's angina is an infection of the submandibular cavity in the form of cellulitis that is rapidly progressive and potentially life-threatening. Neutrophils and lymphocytes play an important role in this infection process. Neutrophil-lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is a simple biomarker to evaluate systemic inflammation. We aimed to determine the association between NLR and various prognostic parameters in patients with Ludwig's Angina.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using medical records of Ludwig's Angina patients treated at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, between January 2018 – December 2021. The NLR cut-off value was calculated using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. The association between NLR with severity, length of stay (LoS), and mortality were analyzed using SPSS version 23 for Windows.

Results: We recruited a total of 96 patients. NLR values are divided categorically into low NLR and high NLR using a cut-off value of 16.86. There were 49 patients (51%) with low NLR and 47 (49%) with high NLR. There was a significant relationship between NLR with severity, LoS, and mortality in Ludwig’s angina patients (p=0.032, p=0.002, and p=0.026, respectively). According to a survival study, the high NLR group's survival rate was significantly lower than the low NLR group's (p=0.009).

Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between NLR severity grading, survival, and the length of stay in patients with Ludwig's Angina.

Introduction: Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a predictor marker of subclinical atherosclerosis that can be measured by ultrasound technique. The clinical symptoms of atherosclerosis usually begin with the thickening of the carotid artery walls. Polymorphism in Apolipoprotein E4 (APO-E4) is considered to be an important genetic determinant of atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). The genetic role of APO-E4 on plasma lipid has shown that the APO-E4 allele is associated with increased plasma LDL and total lipid concentration. The main objectives of this study were to identify genotype polymorphisms of the APO-E gene and measure the thickness of the carotid intima in subjects with APO-E4 polymorphisms in the first descendant of coronary heart patients.

Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to determine the polymorphism of the APO-E4 genotype in the first descendant of CAD and non-CAD groups. There were 21 samples in each group. Gene polymorphism examination was carried out by PCR and the CIMT was measured with doppler ultrasound.

Results: The result showed that 21.4% of subjects had polymorphism of the APO-E4 genotype with a significant difference between CHD and non-CHD group. This data shows that the APO-E4 genotype is more dominant in the first descendant of patients with CHD when compared to non-CHD parents. The mean values of CIMT ini right and left-sided carotid arteries among APO-E4 genotype and non-APO-E4 genotype were 0.4743 mm vs. 0.4195 mm and bivariate analysis showed a significant difference with a P-value of 0.017. This shows that there is a significant difference in the thickness of the carotid intima in the first descendant of subjects who have the APO-E4 genotype and those who do not.

Conclusion: The APO-E4 gene polymorphism was more dominant in the first descendant of CAD patients with a higher CIMT mean value.    

Introduction: School-age children are a critical age group because they are vulnerable to health problems that usually arise related to clean and healthy living behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between parental support and clean and healthy living behavior as an effort to prevent covid-19 in students of SDN 1 Panglungan Wonosalam Jombang.

Methods: Analytical research design with "cross sectional" approach. The population was 40 students from class V and VI. A sample of 37 students was taken using the Cluster Sampling technique. The instrument used a parental support questionnaire and clean and healthy living behavior. Data analysis used Spearmen Rank correlation statistical test with a significant level of = 0.05.

Results: The results of the study were obtained from 37 respondents, almost entirely (81.1%) had a good level of support and most (62.2%) had a clean and healthy lifestyle as a good covid 19 prevention effort. Spearman rank correlation test analysis obtained p value of 0.01 <0.05, then h0 is rejected and h1 is accepted.

Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between parental support and clean and healthy living behavior as an effort to prevent covid-19 in students of SDN Panglungan 1 Wonosalam Jombang. The role of nurses can provide nursing care in the form of education for children and parents, so that children are able to carry out clean and healthy living behaviors as an effort to prevent Covid-19.

Introduction: The intangible nature of soft skills makes it difficult for nursing academics to evaluate nursing students' attainment of these skills. Most of the time, academics focus more on assessing nursing students' knowledge and performance (hard skills) in clinical skill assessments. In focusing primarily on assessing nursing students' hard skill competencies, the nursing profession has given inadequate attention to developing their soft skill competencies. Thus, this study aimed to explore the nursing academic's view on soft skills elements in structured clinical skill assessment for the undergraduate nursing program.

Method: This study was conducted using a qualitative approach. A total of 10 nursing academics were involved, and they were recruited through a purposive sampling method. Data was collected through in-depth interviews using open-ended questions to gain insight into nursing academics' perception of soft skills elements in structured clinical skill assessment for the undergraduate nursing program. Data analysis was conducted by using an inductive content analysis method.

Results: Four themes emerge from this study. These are 1) awareness and involvement, 2) Factors influencing on implementation of soft skills in the structured clinical skills assessment, 3) academic responsibility, and 4) suggestions to overcome barriers.

Conclusion: Findings from this study provide new insights into the nursing academic perception of soft skills elements in structured clinical skill assessments of undergraduate nursing program needs improvement and proper structure on how/what are the soft skills elements that want to measure for nursing students. These findings would assist in developing a more strategic framework for soft skills elements in structured clinical skill assessments to produce quality nursing graduates.

Background: Hand injury often causes acute morbidity and long-term disability. In the case of hand surgery, thirty percent of cases are from tendon injuries. The biomechanical strength of the tendon plays an important role in preventing post-repair rupture, where this strength is believed to be influenced by the number of strands of thread or the suturing technique used. In addition, biological materials such as amnion can reduce the risk of tendon adhesions and increase the biomechanical strength of the tendon itself.

Method: This study used an experimental randomized post-test-only control group research design. 18 male New Zealand rabbits had their right Achilles tendon severed, then divided into 2 groups, where group A was treated as a control while group B was treated with freeze-dried human amnion after tendon repair using braided suture (silk) material. On day 21, all rabbits were terminated and subjected to the macroscopic examination of tensile strength and microscopic examination of the number of fibroblasts and collagen density with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The test that will be carried out on each variable is the Mann-Whitney Test and T-test methods.

Result: The results showed that the average tensile strength in the treatment group was significantly greater than the control group (3.02±1.05 N/mm2 vs. 0.78±0.28 N/mm2, p<0.05). The mean number of fibroblasts in the treatment group was significantly greater than the control group (189.67±23.34 vs. 85.44±9.17, p<0.05). For the variable collagen density, 77.80% of the treatment group had collagen density with a score of 3 (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The application of freeze-dried human amnion after tendon grafting using braided suture material could increase tensile strength, number of fibroblasts, and collagen density in tendon healing.

Introduction: Cases of coronavirus that causes Covid-19 disease in the world have reached 1.8 million people. Cases of coronavirus that causes Covid-19 disease in the world have reached 1.8 million people. The purpose of the study analyzed predictions of covid-19 vaccine acceptance based on sufferers and health belief models in Indonesia and Timor Leste. 

Method: Analytical research method with cross-sectional survey approach, the population is taken from community living at Surabaya Indonesia and Timor Leste as many as 250 respondents. Sampling was conducted in a consequent sampling in two regions at Surabaya Indonesia and Timor Leste.  Data collection using google form, share through were respondents. Statistical analysis with rank spearmen.

Result: the relationship of vulnerability perception with acceptance vaccine covid-19 and correlation coefficient showing a figure of 0.29. It refers to the value of 0.20- 0.40 is considered weak. Similarly, the relationship of severity perception with acceptance vaccine covid-19 obtained coefficient correlation 0.41 expressed strong. on the perception of cues doing actions with acceptance vaccine covid-19, there is a strong relationship, because value correlation coefficient 0.41. For the relationship of benefit perception with acceptance vaccine covid-19 get a weak result because the correlation coefficient of 0.23 in the category below 0.40 is considered weak.

Conclusion: there are four components of Health Belief Model associated with Acceptance vaccine covid-19

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the ameliorative effect of 50% ethanol extract of Moringa leaves on lead-induced oxidative stress in the liver of male Wistar rat model.

Experimental Animal and methods: In this study, adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, consists of one control group (Kn) and three experimental groups (P1, P2 and P3). All group received Pb-acetate 750 mg/kgBW/day for 7 days. After that, control groups received 1 ml aqua for 14 days, and 3 experimental groups received 1 ml volume of 250, 500 and 1.000 mg/kgBW/day of 50% ethanol extract of moringa leaves orally for 14 days, respectively. Methods measured liver level of GSH, GPx, SOD, CAT and MDA describes by Hernayanti and Simanjuntak (2018) and Ratnaningtyas et al (2022). GSH was measured by a method described by El Shater et al (2016). Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey HSD post hoc test.

Results: Study results demonstrated that there was significant elevation of liver level of GSH, GPx, SOD, and CAT (p<0,05), and significant decreased of MDA levels (p<0,05) in all experimental groups. Significant amelioration of oxidative stress (p<0,05) were found in groups received 250, 500 and 1.000 mg/kgBW/day orally for 14 days.

Conclusion: In conclusion, 50% ethanol extract of moringa leaves doses 250, 500 and 1.000 mg/kgBW/day orally for 14 days ameliorates lead-induced oxidative stress in rat liver. The most effective dose was 1.000 mg/kgBB/day orally for 14 days.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) occurs, accounting for 11.5% of all patients with cancer in Indonesia. The less the spread of cancer, the higher the life expectancy of patients with cancer. Glutamine is involved in tumor cell proliferation and growth. This study aims to verify the correlation of serum glutamine levels with the one-year survival rate of patients with stadium III colorectal cancer at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia.

Method: A quantitative analytic-observational longitudinal study (Cohort) was conducted from May 1^st, 2020, to September 30^th, 2021. Inclusion criteria were the CRC patients with stage III and could be followed up for one year. Exclusion criteria were the CRC patients who had other systemic problems. The patient’s blood glutamine levels were taken three months postoperatively measured by Glutamine Assay kit (Colorimetric) ab197011 and evaluated clinically for one year. Glutamine levels in the blood are low if they are less than 52 ng/µL. The parameters assessed were glutamine serum level and survival rate of colorectal cancer patients. Statistical analysis using the Chi-square test and the Kaplan Meier method was employed to obtain the survival curve. Analysis to compare survival rate with glutamine levels used the Cox regression model.

Results: A one-year survival rate in patients with stadium III colorectal cancer was 95.5% at post-operative glutamine levels of ≥ 52 ng/µL and 65.4% at post-operative glutamine levels of < 52 ng/µL. The mean progressive free survival rate was 11.818 months (95%CI=11.470-12.166) at post-operative glutamine levels of ≥ 52 ng/µL and 10.038 months (95%CI=8.913-11.164) at post-operative glutamine levels of < 52 ng/µL. The overall free survival rate was 11.955 months (95%CI=11.868-12.042) at post-operative glutamine levels of ≥ 52 ng/µL and 10.885 months (95% CI=10.128-11.641) at post-operative glutamine levels of < 52 ng/µL. Patients with glutamine levels of <52 ng/µL were 8.959 times more probable to die than patients with post-operative glutamine levels of ≥ 52 ng/µL.

Conclusion: This study shows a significant relationship between serum glutamine levels and the one-year survival rate of patients with stadium III colorectal cancer at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia.

Introduction: Infectious mouth diseases are caused by microorganisms such as      Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. Sentul fruit peel extract contains several phytochemical compounds, flavonoid compounds, saponins and tannins are aromatic hydroxyl groups that act as antibacterial so that they can be used as a treatment for infections of the mouth. This study aimed to determine the inhibitory ability of Sentul fruit peel extract (Sandoricum koetjape) against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus Aureus bacteria which can cause oral infections.

Method: Sentul fruit peel simplicia was extracted by maceration method with ethanol for 24 hours. The maceration method was chosen in this study because it is a method that is easy to do and uses simple tools, which is enough to soak the sample in a solvent. A filtering process followed this and the filtrate was then evaporated with a vacuum rotary evaporator at a temperature of 45oC, so that a thick extract was produced. The maceration process was repeated 2 times. After the extraction process, then proceed with liquid-liquid fractionation using distilled water. The thick extract was put into a separating funnel and distilled water was added. Then it was shaken and the aquadest fraction was taken, followed by evaporation with a vacuum rotary evaporator at 45^oC, so that the aqua fraction of the ethanol extract was produced.

Result: The results showed that the Sentul fruit peel extract was able to inhibit the growth of      S. mutans and S. aureus bacteria as seen from the formation of a clear zone. Based on the ANOVA test, the extract concentration treatment had a significant effect (p<0.005) on the diameter of the clear zone on S. mutans and S. aureus bacteria. Positive control (streptomycin) showed significant differences in Duncan's test, because it produced the greatest antibacterial activity against test bacteria compared to negative control and various extract concentrations. The diameter of the clear zone in the positive control against S. mutans and S. aureus bacteria were 17.63±0.28 mm and 17.62±1.04 mm, respectively. Sentul peel ethanol extract of aqua fraction at a concentration of 100% gave the highest inhibition zone compared to concentrations of 75%, 50%, and 25%, although it was still smaller than the diameter of the clear zone in the positive control. In bacteria S. mutans, the ethanol extract of Sentul peel aqua fraction at a concentration of 100% gave a clear zone diameter of 14.31±1.06 mm and in S. aureus bacteria it gave a clear zone diameter of 15.34±1.81 mm.

Conclusion: Sentul fruit peel extract (Sandoricum koetjape) has the ability to inhibit Streptococcus mutans bacteria and Staphylococcus Aureus bacteria.

Background: Pregnancy is a uniquely critical and sensitive period in a woman's life. The pregnancy conditions are determinants in the successful growth of the fetus and baby. Zinc is important in fetal bone growth (ossification) because zinc deficiency in pregnancy can interfere with fetal bone formation. Being short (stunted) at birth is associated with a high risk of shortness in childhood and adulthood. Several ultrasound parameters can assess the intrauterine growth and development of the fetus, one of which is the length of the femur: the measurement of the length of the femur can detect intrauterine stunting early. The objective of this study was to investigate the average length of fetal femurs in pregnant women given zinc tablets and assess differences in the percentile changes in fetal femoral length between pregnant women given zinc tablets and those not given zinc tablets.

Methods: This prospective design observational analytic study was conducted at Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital and other hospitals from June to November 2019. Eligible subjects were pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria and were collected with consecutive sampling techniques.

Results: Fetal femur length was examined using ultrasonography on 31 subjects given zinc tablets and 31 who were not. The average fetal femur length prior to treatment was 61.97 mm (SD=8.13 mm) and 58.84 mm (SD=9.37 mm), respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean length of fetal femurs (p=0,110) prior to treatment. Fetal femur length increase in subjects given zinc tablets was 27.74 mm (SD=5.32 mm), whereas in subjects not given zinc tablets was 23.08 mm (SD=2.81 mm).

Conclusion: There were significant fetal femoral length percentile changes in pregnant women given zinc tablets.

Background: The use of certain opioids associated differently with the incidence of postoperative delirium (POD). Remifentanil and fentanyl are short-acting opioids widely used in surgery; however, studies assessing their relationship with POD incidence are still limited. This study aimed to determine the association of remifentanil and fentanyl uses with the incidence of POD in elective orthopedic surgery patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Surgical Unit at Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia from August to September 2022. Patients who underwent elective orthopedic surgery and used remifentanil (n=16) and fentanyl (n=14) as postoperative analgesia were enrolled in the study. Delirium was assessed using Confusion Assessment Method-ICU tool (CAM-ICU). The associations of remifentanil and fentanyl use as well as patients’ characteristics with POD incidence were assessed statistically.

Results: Our data found that there was no significant difference between the incidence of POD with the use of remifentanil (p=0.125) in orthopedic surgery patients. The total doses of fentanyl and morphine equivalent (of remifentanil or fentanyl) were associated significantly with the POD incidence (p=0.010 and p=0.002, respectively). Other factors associated with POD incidence were the use of bone cement during the surgery (p=0.034), duration of surgery (p<0.001), and bleeding volume during the surgery (p=0.024).

Conclusions: Our study showed high dose of fentanyl, use of bone cement, longer duration of surgery, and high bleeding volume have greater risk of developing POD in orthopedic surgery patients.

Introduction: Early age is the golden age period of growth and development of children. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the fulfillment of children's nutritional needs based on the quantity and quality of good nutrition. This study aims to examine the relationship between the level of parental knowledge and the teacher's feeding pattern on the nutritional status of early childhood at the Jungle School Nature Kindergarten, Sekaran, Gunungpati District, Semarang City.

Methods: The total sampling technique conducted this analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design by 24 parents of kindergarten students and 11 teachers or caregivers. The parents' knowledge and teachers' feeding parenting styles were obtained from the interviews. The assessment of the nutritional status of kindergarten students was using indicators of WAZ, HAZ, and BAZ. All research subjects had normal nutritional status based on indicators of WAZ and HAZ.

Results: Based on BAZ indicators, as many as 12.5% of students have underweight nutritional status, and 87.5% have normal nutritional status. The results of the association test showed that the level of parental knowledge (p=0.533; 0.845; and 0.372) and eating patterns by teachers in schools (p=0.770; 0.896; and 0.597) were not significantly related to the nutritional status of early childhood (WAZ, HAZ, and BAZ).

Conclusions: Parents with a good level of knowledge do not necessarily have nutritional problems.

Background: The bone healing of the alveolar socket post-dental extraction is critical in dental services. Delayed healing is a common problem in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. It is due to the impaired angiogenic response and microvascular complications. Okra fruit extract can control diabetes mellitus (DM) in several ways, delaying glucose absorption and regenerating pancreatic cells. It can impact an increase in insulin secretion and glycogenesis to control hyperglycemia in DM. This study analyzed the regenerative alveolar bone through the expression of TGF-β2 in the tooth socket of Wistar rats with diabetes mellitus post-extraction after administration of okra fruit extract.

Patients and methods: Extraction of the rat mandibular left incisor was performed using a pair of modified forceps. The tooth sockets were then rinsed using a saline solution. Two groups (control & treatment) of four rats were sacrificed on days 3, 5, and 7. The socket tissues from the rats were then immunohistochemically analyzed

Results: The average level of TGF‐β1 expression in the treatment (T) groups was higher compared to the control (C) group: day 3 (10.50±2.67 versus 4.83±1.17), day 5 (12.33±1.63 versus 5.17±2.32), and day 7 (13.00±2.83 versus 4.50±1.05), with P = 0.000

Conclusion: The administration of okra fruit extract can increase regenerative alveolar bone healing through increased expression of TGF-β2 in the dental socket after tooth extraction of diabetic Wistar rats.

The coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic was announced in March 2020 by World Health Organization (WHO). Studies showed that the elderly had higher morbidity and mortality rates. Acute sarcopenia in the elderly with COVID-19 is an overlooked problem. Inflammation, malnutrition, immobilization, a side effect of COVID-19 treatment, depression, and hormonal dysregulation contributed to acute sarcopenia in COVID-19, especially in the elderly. Muscle quantity can be assessed with different techniques such as imaging or anthropometric measurements in diagnosing sarcopenia. Imaging such as CT scan was widely used in multiple studies. Still, anthropometric measurements are more fit in developing countries because they are widely available, safe, do not require special skills, and fit in low-resources facilities. Muscle strength can be assessed with grip strength. Acute sarcopenia was associated with immune dysregulation and cytokine storm, length of stay and readmission, and ICU admission and mechanical ventilation. These will contribute to high mortality in sarcopenic elderly with COVID-19.

Background: Cranial base fractures are primary brain injuries with high importance in neurotrauma. They occur in 3.5 - 24% of head injuries and are often related to brain injury. Based on location, cranial base fractures occur 70% in the anterior fossa, 20% in the middle central cranial base and 5% in the middle and posterior fossa. The dura mater at the cranial base is significantly thinner than the dome area and easier to cause meningitis when torn due to CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid) leak. Post-traumatic meningitis refers to the meningeal infection caused by craniocerebral trauma. Therefore, we decided to analyze meningitis as a complication of CSF leakage in cranial base fracture.

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A thorough literature search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane and Google scholar. Articles were systematically selected based on the PRISMA protocol and reviewed completely. The articles that met the criteria were summarized and analyzed. The primary outcome measured was CSF, leakage event and Cranial Base Fractures, while the secondary outcome was a meningitis event. This study hasn't been registered to PROSPERO.

Result: There were 15 literatures included in this research. From quantitative analysis, we found that the Risk Ratio (RR) for meningitis incidence in the CSF leakage group was 16.18 (95% CI 1.31 to 199.85). RR for meningitis incidence in the anterior cranial base fracture group was 2.59 (95% CI 1.64 to 4.09). In the antibiotic prophylaxis group, the RR for meningitis incidence was 0.67 (95% CI 0.49 to 0.90). CSF leakage incidence had an RR of 1.39 (95% CI 0.90 to 2.16) in the anterior cranial base fracture group. While RR for meningitis incidence in the surgical management of the CSF leakage group was 1.77 (95% CI 0.87 to 3.61)

Conclusion: There was a significant risk of post-traumatic meningitis in patients with cranial base fractures with CSF leakage compared to those without CSF leakage. Patients with anterior fossa cranial base fractures had a significantly higher risk of post-traumatic meningitis than the posterior fossa. There is a significant risk reduction of developing post-traumatic meningitis in patients with cranial base fractures who were given prophylactic antibiotics compared to those without prophylactic antibiotics. In contrast, CSF leak risk was higher in patients with anterior fossa cranial base fractures compared to the posterior fossa, but not statistically significant. The risk of post-traumatic meningitis in patients with cranial base fractures who underwent surgical treatment was higher than in the conservative group.

Spine vascular lesions like brain vascular lesions include spinal cord stroke, vascular malformation such as venous malformation or venous angioma, cavernous malformation, arteriovenous malformation or arteriovenous fistula. Embryogenesis of spinal vascular is the basic principle to understand the vascular malformation of the spine. This study aims to report serial cases with review of spinal vascular lesions. MR angiography techniques with contrast injection may reflect the direction of flow epidural veins to describe the site of arterial feeders. Serpiginous veins are commonly visible through the dorsal cord surface in MR myelography. The gold standard for diagnosing vascular malformation is Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA). MRA helps to guide the location for DSA. Several cases are reported using MRA modalities and show the special location site of the spinal disorder.

Introduction: The curriculum for health profession education uses a variety of teaching techniques. A strategy is needed to create a creative learning environment during the implementation of the academic learning process so that students can achieve the expected competencies. Peer learning is one of the learning methods to facilitate student learning experience. Peer learning (PL) uses peers as tutors in the learning process and the process of students learning with and from each other. The application of the peer learning method in the health student learning curriculum is considered to have several advantages and challenges.

Purpose: To identify the benefits and challenges of implementing peer learning methods on health professional students.

Methodology: This study is a literature review with databases form ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus and Emerald. The articles search results obtained 10 articles that were screened using the PRISMA guide. This study is looking for articles about peer learning methods in health students who are included in the inclusion criteria.

Findings: There are total 1273 articles obtained from 4 databases, with details ScienceDirect 499 articles, PubMed 366 articles, Scopus 255 articles and Emerald 153 articles. The results of a review of 10 articles show that the peer learning method can be implemented in academic learning settings as well as clinical learning. The application of peer learning methods in the learning process has several benefits including; improve social skills, increase knowledge and better understanding of learning materials, increase self-confidence, improve clinical skills. Apart from the benefits, there are some challenges in implementing the PL method.

Implication: PL can be applied in health student learning because it has many benefits for health students.

Obesity is a health problem that has become globally significant in recent decades. Obesity is often associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. This review aims to describe the relationship of inflammation in obesity. The method used is descriptive qualitative by conducting a literature review related to inflammation and obesity. The study's results indicate that inflammation is related to obesity and has an important role. Inflammation is a manifestation of increased oxidative stress. This usually occurs in individuals who are obese.

Introduction: A Public Health Emergency of International Concern, the WHO designated the outbreak in China and surrounding countries in 2019. The Global board proclaimed public health emergency after research. The WHO encouraged states to step up their efforts before the instances grow. Six ASEAN members have confirmed early instances. WHO reports that the pandemic has reached all ten ASEAN countries. Unclear and inconsistent information and actions show Asia's delayed response to epidemics.

Methods: This study uses VOSviewer to investigate ASEAN policy responses to the COVID-19 outbreak. A bibliographic data model can handle several data types. Categories, topics, density, and publication date are common article metadata.

Results: Early decisions were taken without a plan to halt COVID-19 from spreading across Asia. Upon confirmation of the first case, national prevention and control measures were launched. Encouraging frequent hand washing, adequate mask usage, and other personal hygiene and sanitation habits were also addressed. Its nature leaves many data and information gaps. Major issues included preventing, detecting, and responding to disease outbreaks in public and medical contexts.

Conclusion: The regional health systems came into action to help national health programs. The ASEAN countries have all responded to the COVID-19 outbreak. In order to prepare for and manage the COVID-19 outbreak, a thorough investigation is required.

Introduction: Subclinical varicocele is defined as non-palpable varicocele which diagnosed solely through imaging examination, namely ultrasonography. Despite the current high prevalence of subclinical varicocele as one of the most common cause of men infertility, there is still lack of evidence regarding the need to perform varicocelectomy among these patients. This systematic review aims to evaluate and compare the sperm parameters and fertility rate of subclinical varicocele patients treated with varicocelectomy versus no treatment. 

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on the international databases PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, EMBASE, EBSCOHost, and Google Scholar published in the last ten years up to August 21^st, 2022. Risk of bias assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale tools for cohort study and converted regarding the AHRQ standards.

Results: Three cohort studies were conducted in three different countries with 363 patients. The risk of bias assessment revealed that all of the three studies included in this review have good quality and low risk of bias. Varicocelectomy significantly improves sperm parameters in terms of sperm concentration (p<0.05) and sperm motility (p<0.05) while its effects on sperm morphology are not significant (p>0.05). The effects of varicocelectomy on fertility rate are reported by one study by Cantoro et al. as significant (p=0.011).

Conclusion: Varicocelectomy correction has been proved to significantly improve sperm parameters in terms of sperm concentration and motility, while its effect on fertility rate remains unclear and no conclusion can be drawn yet. Therefore, this study recommends further randomized controlled studies with larger sample size in the future to prove the effectiveness of varicocelectomy in subclinical varicocele patients before its implementation in clinical settings.

Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease is currently limited only to slowing the progression of the symptoms, not curing the disease. Current FDA-approved therapies such as Donepezil, Tacrine, Galantamine, Rivastigmine, and Memantine have quite disturbing side effects, as well as the mechanism of action of these drugs, which is dominated by working as AChE inhibitors. On the other hand, the hypothesis for Alzheimer's causes is varied. Another study also states that Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) can be given to people with Alzheimer's. However, the reports were conflicting as one study stated that NSAIDs can help reduce the risk of Alzheimer's; on the contrary, other studies have argued that giving NSAIDs to people with Alzheimer's is not necessary. Despite administering Alzheimer's drugs and NSAIDs, which have adverse side effects on long-term use and high doses, the administration of traditional medicines and medicinal plants can be a good solution due to lower side effects than common drugs, less risk, easy access and affordable. These medicinal plants have several mechanisms to counter the hypothesis that causes Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Telemedicine is a form of healthcare that uses technology to provide various health services. This method has been widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic when physical distancing is called. This systematic review aimed to review various uses of telemedicine on 11 databases using the PRISMA flowchart from January 1^st, 2020, to December 31^st, 2021.

Methods: This review has been registered in PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=269809). The search terms are: "COVID-19," "Coronavirus," "SARS-CoV-2," "2019-nCoV," "Telemedicine," "Telehealth," "Teleconsultation," "Telemonitoring," "Telemanagement," "Teleconferencing," "Video conferencing," "Video consultation," "Virtual care," "Virtual service," "Virtual treatment," "Remote treatment," "Remote service," "Remote consultation," "Digital care," "Digital treatment," "Mobile health," and "E-health." The quality assessment used indexed databases for the SCOPUS, Web of Science (ESCI), and PubMed (PMC and Medline).

Results: On initial scrutiny, 2.031.242 articles were obtained; after screening with inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 articles were included. Only 4 articles reported the use of telemedicine for respiratory-related diseases patients; 3 of these were COVID-19-related cases. Other 13 articles reported the use of telemedicine for admission, anamnesis, diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and monitoring purposes for non-respiratory-related diseases. Methods applied include voice calls, video conferences, and specific software on computers and smartphones. There were no significant differences between telemedicine and the face-to-face method, although the lack of health providers' presence has been complained about in the prior method.

Conclusion: From this review, telemedicine is a beneficial tool for delivering health services during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Peritoneal tuberculosis (PTB) could mimic advanced ovarian cancer cases, making its diagnosis challenging. Comprehensive and conscientious examinations for diagnosis are needed to differentiate such cases to avoid inappropriate treatment. We report a problematic diagnosis of PTB that mimic ovarian malignancy.

Case Presentation: A 20-year-old female patient with history of multiple rehospitalizations, presented with complaints of abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, low-grade fever, and weight loss in the last five months. In the first admission, patient was suspected with malignant ovarian cyst due to clinical features of malignancy with normal chest X-ray, abdominal USG suggested ovarian cyst in both ovaries, high levels of Ca125. However abdominal CT-scan showed thickening in peritoneum which suggested PTB. The patient was planned for urgent laparotomy while waiting for GenExpert result. On the second admission, patient presented with recurrent abdominal pain, GenExpert sputum and stool showed negative result, and planned for surgery but the patient refused. On the last admission, patient diagnosed with impending bowel obstruction and underwent abdominal CT-scan with contrast showed diffuse multiloculated cystic lesion in cavum pelvic and multiple prominent mesenteric lymph nodes that suggested abdominal TB with abscess in cavum pelvic. Exploratory laparotomy revealed conglomeration, pus and tubercles in the peritoneum. A TB was confirmed based on pathology and microbiology examination from tissue biopsy and pus.

Conclusion: We reported patients with PTB with unspecific clinical symptoms which suspected as ovarian malignancy. This study highlights the challenges in diagnosing PTB and therefore PTB could be considered a differential diagnosis in patients suspected of ovarian malignancy in the TB endemic countries.

Background: Hypocalcemia, a condition where the serum calcium concentration or total serum calcium is below normal, could be associated with various manifestations including severe symptoms requiring immediate hospitalization. The condition can cause by several causes including iatrogenic thyroidectomy. Here, we report a patient of hypocalcemia associated with hypoparathyroidism due to post-thyroidectomy.

Case presentation: A 32-year-old woman admitted to the hospital complained of stiffness and tingling in the extremities accompanied by recurrent seizures. The serum calcium level was low and this hypocalcemia condition was associated with low parathyroid hormone levels after subtotal thyroidectomy surgery. Laboratory examination indicated calcium 4.8 mg/dL and parathyroid hormone 2.21 pg/ml. The patient had bradycardia with prolonged QT on electrocardiography (ECG) and developed cataracts in both eyes which could be associated with chronic hypocalcemia. The patient's condition improved after correction of hypocalcemia. After discharge, the patient was given calcium and levothyroxine supplementation due to hypothyroid conditions.

Conclusion: The hypocalcemia condition in the patient was associated with low parathyroid hormone level post-subtotal thyroidectomy surgery. This case highlights the impotence of detailed analyses of hormonal, radiological and histological investigations of patients with thyroid gland diseases to diagnose such conditions early and to ensure timely management.

Introduction: Sezary syndrome defined as a set of symptoms consist of erythroderma, generalized lymphadenopathy, and Sezary cells were detected in peripheral blood, skin and lymph nodes.

Case: Patients with chief complaints red and scaly patches cover almost part of the body accompanied by itching since 1 week ago. The patient had history of taking herbal medicines 2 weeks earlier. There is an erosion and crusting at inferior lips. There is also fissure at left side ventral hand region. There is no generalized lymphadenopathy. The patient has fever, hypertension and hyperglycemia. The laboratory result showed leukocytosis with Sezary cells > 1000 cells/mm³, and bacteremia (coccus). Differential diagnosis of patients was Sezary syndrome, drug-induced erythroderma and mycosis fungoides. The diagnosis was Sezary syndrome because erythroderma and Sezary cells > 1000 cells/ mm³ were found. The patient was treated with injection of corticosteroid, antibiotic, barrier repair moisturizer and potent topical corticosteroid.

Conclusion: Sezary syndrome is often accompanied by bacteremia due to impaired skin barrier function and decreased cellular immunity. Examination of biopsy, bacterial culture and flow cytometer is required for diagnosis.

Background: Acute Erythroleukemia (AML-M6) is a rare case with approximately 3-4% of all Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) cases. AML-M6 is less common in the pediatric population, with an incidence of <1% of all pediatric leukemia cases. This case study aims to evaluate Acute Erythroleukemia (AML-M6) in a one-year-old boy at Prof. dr. IGNG Ngoerah Denpasar.

Case Presentation: A one-year-old boy with clinical manifestations of fluctuating fever for a month, paleness, bleeding gums, bruising all over his body, swelling of both eyelids and splenomegaly. Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS) examination revealed bicytopenia with moderate normochromic normocytic anemia, severe thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis. A hypercellular picture was obtained from the examination of Bone Marrow Aspiration (BMA) with an increase in erythroblast activity of 74%, proerythroblast at 50% and normal myeloblasts activity at 10%. The patient was diagnosed with Acute Erythroleukemia (AML-M6). The patient died on day 16 of treatment.

Conclusion: Based on the examination results, it was concluded that the patient was diagnosed with AML-M6 according to the PBS and BMA evaluation.

Background: Iatrogenic short-nose and saddle-nose deformities due to previous alloplastic implants remain the most challenging secondary rhinoplasty, particularly among Asian patients. Cartilage framework reinforcement, dorsal augmentation, sufficient nasal tip projection, and proportional nasal length are considered essential for Asian features. This study aimed to elaborate on full rib and ear cartilage revision rhinoplasty in a patient with those problems.

Case Presentation: A difficult case of a 31-year-old female with short-saddle-nose deformity due to infected silicone implant rhinoplasty is presented. A history of nose filler and thread lift was also reported. We noted a short and under-projected nose, indented scarring, dorsal irregularities, retracted columella, severe septal losses, and high trans-columellar incision scars. We conducted two stages of revision: (1) Secondary septorhinoplasty with the seventh costal graft and right concha cartilage, then alar-plasty and (2) Tip-plasty and columellar shield graft with left concha cartilage. Anatomic improvements, complications, and patient satisfaction responses were documented. The improvement of nasal length (39-46-48 mm), nasal tip projection index (0.5-0.59-0.63), nasofrontal angle (150-137-137°), nasolabial angle (117-85-93°), columella-lobular angle (60-45-42°), columellar show (0-0.5-2 mm), and alar flare (4.5-2.6-2.3 mm) on the pre-operative, first, and second stage were noted. No sign of significant absorption and wrapping was observed in both stage.

Conclusions: Short and saddle-nose deformity is considered one of the most challenging issues in rhinoplasty surgery. This finding is expected to create grounded perspectives among the young surgeons, also well-balanced and sensible beliefs on the final results among the patients.

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has been well-known as the main complication that is a potentially fatal emergency in some teenagers with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Although children with diabetes are not at high risk for severe COVID-19 infection, it can hypothetically lead to type 1 DM and severe DKA. The aim of this article is to briefly discuss a case of a teenager with DKA and COVID-19.

Case: A 13 years old girl came in with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and dyspnea. She was alert but weak. Her blood pressure was 100/70 mmHg with 120 pulses and 35 breaths per minute. Oxygen saturation was at 99%. History of previous illness was denied. She was treated using a dyspepsia algorithm while waiting for the laboratory result. Later on, the test showed conditions of hyperglycemia, severe acidosis, ketonuria and a positive rapid COVID–19 antibody test. Hence, a diagnosis of DKA with probable COVID–19 was made and PCR for confirmation of COVID-19 diagnosis was scheduled. Oxygen support, rehydration, and insulin therapy were also given with a precautionary condition of possible COVID–19. In minutes, she developed respiratory distress that led her to be intubated and put on a ventilator. Due to a lack of facilities, a referral to a higher-level hospital was needed. However, since the referral process for probable COVID-19 patients required a long preparation, the patient died during the process.

Conclusion: Besides early diagnosis and prompt treatment, a well-coordinated referral system is crucial in managing DKA patients with possible COVID–19.

Background: Spinal congenital malformations are closely associated with other congenital anomalies, are usually asymptomatic and be found incidentally. Moreover, spine abnormalities such as hemivertebra may cause further complications if left untreated. Among patients with VACTERL anomalies, spine anomalies account for 60-95% of them. This report aimed to describe rare and interesting cases of spinal malformation in children to provide further information on the importance of a proper approach in such cases.

Case Presentation: We present three pediatric cases of vertebral anomalies associated with anorectal malformations incidentally found in contrast studies. All patients have a history of anorectal abnormalities at birth and are referred to the hospital for contrast studies. The first case found semi-segmented hemivertebra at T8-9 levels, cleft at T10 level and high-type anorectal malformations (ARMs). The second case showed unsegmented hemivertebra at the level of L1 and butterfly vertebra at T10, approximately at the same level as the skin lesion, with the possibility of occult spina bifida and high-type ARMs. The third case revealed bilateral vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), grade 1 right hydroureteronephrosis and left hydroureter, with semi-segmented hemivertebra at the level of L3, unsegmented hemivertebra at L4-5 and an extra lumbar vertebra, possibly a lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV).

Conclusion: Thorough screening and other examinations such as contrast studies could reduce their morbidity as more sophisticated imaging may be done to better visualize the anatomical malformation.

Introduction: Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an immunity-mediated central nervous system demyelinating disorder. Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) examination provides information about a patient's ADEM development status. A positive MOG antibody can signify a first episode or incomplete recovery. This review aims to report a case of a pediatric patient with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with positive MOG antibody.

Case Presentation: We present a 5-year-old girl with symptoms of low-grade fever, encephalopathy, blurred vision, numb and tingling sensations on hands and feet, weakness, unable to walk. Head MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) examination reveals lesions in the bilateral thalamus and white matter of the left parietal lobe. There was also a bilateral thickening of the optic nerves. Blood laboratory examination was relatively normal, and the MOG antibody test was positive. The patient was then treated with corticosteroids for 1 year and had 2 recurrent episodes of attacks. MOG test evaluation was still also positive 6 months after the first attack. After Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment was given, resulting in excellent clinical response and no recurrent attack since then.

Conclusions: ADEM cases have a good prognosis and good recovery. IVIG administration, with the help of other supportive therapy, improves recovery in treating pediatric ADEM.

Introduction:  Subscapular abscess is an extremely rare condition. To our knowledge there were nine reports on subscapular abscess in the literature, four of them happened paediatric patients. The signs and symptoms could be very subtle making the diagnosis is difficult and often delayed.

Case description: We share a rare case of isolated subscapularis abscess with no glenohumeral involvement of a healthy 9-year-old boy following blunt trauma to the shoulder treated with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage with good outcome.

Conclusion: Subscapular abscess should be suspected in a child present with fever and shoulder pain. Magnetic resonance imaging is the best modality for diagnosis as plain radiograph would not give any diagnostic help. Surgical drainage combined with antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment. However, percutaneous drainage is one of treatment options especially in paediatric patient as demonstrated in our report.

Background: Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension refers to elevated portal vein pressure in the absence of liver cirrhosis. Surgery could be an effective procedure for patients with recurrent variceal bleeding who fail to respond to pharmacotherapy or endoscopic therapy. We report a success story of modified Sugiura technique in managing a patient with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.

Case presentation: A male, 24-year-old, complained of recurrent vomiting of dark red blood color for six months. Anemic conjunctiva and splenomegaly were discovered during a physical examination. Pancytopenia and normal hepatobiliary function were revealed in the laboratory examination. Ultrasonography of the abdomen demonstrates nonspecific splenomegaly. An abdominal computerized tomography scan revealed hepatosplenomegaly and pelvic fluid accumulations. Grade IV esophageal varices and mild portal hypertensive gastropathy were observed during endoscopic examination. Active bleeding still presented despite initiation of medical treatment and endoscopic ligation. Finally, a surgical procedure using the Sugiura technique was performed. The patient was recovered, no recurrent symptom of hematemesis was reported after one year of follow-up.

Conclusion: Modified Sugiura technique is a useful treatment of choice in non-cirrhotic portal hypertension patients who failed to respond other medical treatments. However, comprehensive assessment is critical prior to choose this procedure.

Background: Acute limb ischemia is a sudden decrease in limb blood perfusion with an onset of less than 14 days, most commonly occurs in lower extremities. Diabetes mellitus, one of diseases underlying peripheral artery disease, complicates the pathophysiology of acute limb ischemia. In this case report we present a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute limb ischemia in the left upper extremity that had successful thrombectomy treatment.

Case presentation: A 58-year-old female patient came to the Emergency Care Unit of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital with the continuous pain in the five fingers to the palm of the left hand for the past two days. The numbness spread from the elbow to the left fingers, making them weak and difficult to grip. Those five fingers were pale and cold as well. The left hand had no pulsated radialis and ulnar artery, weak brachial pulse and undetected pulse oximetry result. The patient was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus since 2005 and has a controlled treatment. On the first day of hospitalization, the patient was scheduled for emergency thrombectomy at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. Follow-up on the seventh-day post-surgery, the patient had no complaints of pain and pale in the left hand and the brachial, ulnar and radial arteries were palpable.

Conclusion: Acute limb ischemia is uncommon in the upper extremities but we found that it has an excellent prognosis with early revascularization, even in a patient with diabetes mellitus. The treatment must be in conjunction with aggressive diabetes mellitus treatment to avoid acute limb ischemia worsening

Background: Complex distal radius fracture (CDRF) associated with median nerve injury is rarely reported due to low incidence or low recognition rate. Thus, we reported the outcome of using distraction bridge plate fixation (DBPF) in managing CDRF associated with median nerve injury without volar nerve exploration.

Case description: We reported a 67-years old male who sustained pain in the right wrist with dorsal angulated deformation following a fall on an outstretched hand two hours before being admitted to the emergency department. The patient also complained of numbness in all of the fingers except the little finger of the right hand. Posteroanterior (PA)/right lateral X-rays showed grossly dorsal displaced of the comminuted distal radius fracture associated with ulnar styloid avulsion. The diagnosis was a CDRF associated with median nerve injury. He underwent surgery in an emergency setting with DBPF on the dorsal side without opening the fracture site guided by an image intensifier. Early mobilization was started as the patient could tolerate the pain, and neuromuscular electrical stimulation was given twice a week after surgery. Plate removal was done six months after surgery and continued with a range of motion exercise of the right wrist.

Conclusion: It is important to consider the anatomical reduction without additional soft tissue trauma by opening the fracture site and the early emergency surgery decision based on physical examination in CDRF management. The stable fixation allows axonal regeneration after median nerve injury, proved by good nerve functional outcomes. DBPF is suitable for post-operative wound care and decreases costs compared to staged fixation surgery and volar nerve exploration. However, we still need to further investigate this procedure through higher comparison studies.

Airlangga International Endodontic Symposium is aimed as a platform for scientific communication for Endodontists as well as those who work this topic. The symposium upheld “The Roles of Endodontist to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)” as the theme to highlight the importance of Endodontists and Endodontist science in achieving SDGs in national level. This symposium hosted several notable experts in endodontists who have acknowledge as legend in endodontist and restorative expertise. Nevertheless, this symposium was hoped to enhance scientific interaction, scientific and expert networks, as well as to update the practical and scientific knowledge in endodontic area.