Correlation between hemolysis index and storage period to potassium levels of Packed Red Cell in Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia

Clareza Arief Wardhana; Anak Agung Wiradewi Lestari; I Nyoman Wande; Sianny Herawati; Ni Nyoman Mahartini

doi:10.15562/bmj.v11i2.3604

Correlation between hemolysis index and storage period to potassium levels of Packed Red Cell in Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia

Clareza Arief Wardhana ,

Anak Agung Wiradewi Lestari ,

I Nyoman Wande ,

Sianny Herawati ,

Ni Nyoman Mahartini ,

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v11i2.3604 |
Published: 2022-05-20

Abstract

Background: The quality of a blood product is determined by collecting, processing, storing, and transporting it. When blood is stored, there will be mechanical and biochemical changes. Mechanical changes consist of morphological changes and hemolysis, while one of the biochemical changes is increased plasma potassium levels. This study aimed to determine the correlation between the hemolysis index and the storage period to potassium levels of the packed red cell (PRC).

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study at Sanglah Hospital. The sample was taken from the tube in the PRC blood bag and then a complete blood count and potassium analysis were performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 for Windows.

Results: From 70 subjects, the median hemolysis index was 0.15% (0-1.69%), the mean storage period was 12.06±4.95 days, and the mean potassium level was 12.06±3.92 mmol/L. The Spearman test results showed a positive weak significant correlation between the hemolysis index and potassium levels (r=0.360; p=0.002). The Pearson test results also showed a positive weak significant correlation between the parameter of the storage period and potassium levels (r=0.357; p=0.002).

Conclusion: There was a positive weak significant correlation between the hemolysis index and the storage period to potassium levels of the PRC.

References

Orlov D, Karkouti K. The pathophysiology and consequences of red blood cell storage. Anaesthesia. 2015;70 Suppl 1:29-e12.
Lestari AAW, Mulyantari NK, Prabawa IPY. The role of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 (SDF-1) and Transforming Growth-Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-β1) levels in Packed Red Cells (PRC) as the indicator of storage lesion at Sanglah Hospital-Blood Bank, Bali, Indonesia. Indonesia Journal of Biomedical Science. 2022;16(1):9-13.
Tayer AH, Amirizade N, Mghsodlu M, Nikogoftar M, Deyhim MR, Ahmadinejad M. Evaluation of Blood Storage Lesions in Leuko-depleted Red Blood Cell Units. Iran J Ped Hematol Oncol. 2017;7(3):171-9.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Standar Pelayanan Transfusi Darah. 2015:105-108.
Raza S, Ali Baig M, Chang C, Dabas R, Akhtar M, Khan A, et al. A prospective study on red blood cell transfusion related hyperkalemia in critically ill patients. J Clin Med Res. 2015;7(6):417-421.
Montford JR, Linas S. How Dangerous Is Hyperkalemia?. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;28(11):3155-3165.
Kim DW, Cheon KR, Cho D, Lee KS, Cho HJ, Jeong IS. Transfusion Associated Hyperkalemia and Cardiac Arrest in an Infant after Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Korean J Crit Care Med. 2015;30(2):132-134.
Mulyantari NK, Prabawa IPY. Analysis of Soluble Cluster of Differentiation 40 Ligand (SD40L) levels between thrombocyte apheresis and thrombocyte whole blood products in Sanglah General Hospital blood bank. Bali Med J. 2019; 8(1):173-78
Nathalang O, Kuvanont S, Punyaprasiddhi P, Tasaniyanonda C, Sriphaisal T. A preliminary study of the distribution of blood group systems in Thai blood donors determined by the gel test. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2001;32(1):204-207.
Liao H, Li J. Distribution characteristics of ABO and RhD blood groups among the voluntary blood donors in Chongqing: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(42):e22689.
Arif SH, Yadav N, Rehman S, Mehdi G. Study of Hemolysis During Storage of Blood in the Blood Bank of a Tertiary Health Care Centre. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 2017;33(4):598-602.
Asirvatham JR, Moses V, Bjornson L. Errors in potassium measurement: a laboratory perspective for the clinician. N Am J Med Sci. 2013;5(4):255-259.
European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & Healthcare (EDQM). Guide to the preparation, use and quality assurance of blood components. 20th Edition. Strasbourg: EDQM. 2020:181-185.
Makroo RN, Raina V, Bhatia A, Gupta R, Majid A, Thakur UK, Rosamma NL. Evaluation of the red cell hemolysis in packed red cells during processing and storage. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2011;5(1):15-7.
Kalhan TG, Bateman DA, Bowker RM, Hod EA, Kashyap S. Effect of red blood cell storage time on markers of hemolysis and inflammation in transfused very low birth weight infants. Pediatr Res. 2017;82(6):964-969.

[1] Orlov D, Karkouti K. The pathophysiology and consequences of red blood cell storage. Anaesthesia. 2015;70 Suppl 1:29-e12.

[2] Lestari AAW, Mulyantari NK, Prabawa IPY. The role of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 (SDF-1) and Transforming Growth-Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-β1) levels in Packed Red Cells (PRC) as the indicator of storage lesion at Sanglah Hospital-Blood Bank, Bali, Indonesia. Indonesia Journal of Biomedical Science. 2022;16(1):9-13.

[3] Tayer AH, Amirizade N, Mghsodlu M, Nikogoftar M, Deyhim MR, Ahmadinejad M. Evaluation of Blood Storage Lesions in Leuko-depleted Red Blood Cell Units. Iran J Ped Hematol Oncol. 2017;7(3):171-9.

[4] Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Standar Pelayanan Transfusi Darah. 2015:105-108.

[5] Raza S, Ali Baig M, Chang C, Dabas R, Akhtar M, Khan A, et al. A prospective study on red blood cell transfusion related hyperkalemia in critically ill patients. J Clin Med Res. 2015;7(6):417-421.

[6] Montford JR, Linas S. How Dangerous Is Hyperkalemia?. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;28(11):3155-3165.

[7] Kim DW, Cheon KR, Cho D, Lee KS, Cho HJ, Jeong IS. Transfusion Associated Hyperkalemia and Cardiac Arrest in an Infant after Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Korean J Crit Care Med. 2015;30(2):132-134.

[8] Mulyantari NK, Prabawa IPY. Analysis of Soluble Cluster of Differentiation 40 Ligand (SD40L) levels between thrombocyte apheresis and thrombocyte whole blood products in Sanglah General Hospital blood bank. Bali Med J. 2019; 8(1):173-78

[9] Nathalang O, Kuvanont S, Punyaprasiddhi P, Tasaniyanonda C, Sriphaisal T. A preliminary study of the distribution of blood group systems in Thai blood donors determined by the gel test. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2001;32(1):204-207.

[10] Liao H, Li J. Distribution characteristics of ABO and RhD blood groups among the voluntary blood donors in Chongqing: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(42):e22689.

[11] Arif SH, Yadav N, Rehman S, Mehdi G. Study of Hemolysis During Storage of Blood in the Blood Bank of a Tertiary Health Care Centre. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 2017;33(4):598-602.

[12] Asirvatham JR, Moses V, Bjornson L. Errors in potassium measurement: a laboratory perspective for the clinician. N Am J Med Sci. 2013;5(4):255-259.

[13] European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & Healthcare (EDQM). Guide to the preparation, use and quality assurance of blood components. 20th Edition. Strasbourg: EDQM. 2020:181-185.

[14] Makroo RN, Raina V, Bhatia A, Gupta R, Majid A, Thakur UK, Rosamma NL. Evaluation of the red cell hemolysis in packed red cells during processing and storage. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2011;5(1):15-7.

[15] Kalhan TG, Bateman DA, Bowker RM, Hod EA, Kashyap S. Effect of red blood cell storage time on markers of hemolysis and inflammation in transfused very low birth weight infants. Pediatr Res. 2017;82(6):964-969.

Correlation between hemolysis index and storage period to potassium levels of Packed Red Cell in Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia

Abstract

References

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