Acute Erythroleukemia (AML-M6) in one-year-old boy: a case report

I Putu Yuda Prabawa; Ni Nyoman Mahartini; Sianny Herawati; Ni Kadek Mulyantari

doi:10.15562/bmj.v11i3.3803

Acute Erythroleukemia (AML-M6) in one-year-old boy: a case report

I Putu Yuda Prabawa ,

Ni Nyoman Mahartini ,

Sianny Herawati ,

Ni Kadek Mulyantari ,

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v11i3.3803 |
Published: 2022-10-14

Abstract

Background: Acute Erythroleukemia (AML-M6) is a rare case with approximately 3-4% of all Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) cases. AML-M6 is less common in the pediatric population, with an incidence of <1% of all pediatric leukemia cases. This case study aims to evaluate Acute Erythroleukemia (AML-M6) in a one-year-old boy at Prof. dr. IGNG Ngoerah Denpasar.

Case Presentation: A one-year-old boy with clinical manifestations of fluctuating fever for a month, paleness, bleeding gums, bruising all over his body, swelling of both eyelids and splenomegaly. Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS) examination revealed bicytopenia with moderate normochromic normocytic anemia, severe thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis. A hypercellular picture was obtained from the examination of Bone Marrow Aspiration (BMA) with an increase in erythroblast activity of 74%, proerythroblast at 50% and normal myeloblasts activity at 10%. The patient was diagnosed with Acute Erythroleukemia (AML-M6). The patient died on day 16 of treatment.

Conclusion: Based on the examination results, it was concluded that the patient was diagnosed with AML-M6 according to the PBS and BMA evaluation.

References

Arber DA. The 2016 WHO classification of acute myeloid leukemia: What the practicing clinician needs to know. Semin Hematol. 2019;56(2):90-95.
Santos FP, Bueso-Ramos CE, Ravandi F. Acute erythroleukemia: diagnosis and management. Expert Rev Hematol. 2010;3(6):705-718.
Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel MT, et al. Proposals for the classification of the acute leukaemias. French-American-British (FAB) co-operative group. Br J Haematol. 1976;33(4):451-458.
Mandal PK, Pandey G, Mondal M, Ganguly B. A rare case of acute myeloid leukemia-M6 in a 2-year-old child with complex karyotype. Clinical Cancer Investigation Journal. 2015;4(6):756-758.
Wang W, Wang SA, Medeiros LJ, Khoury JD. Pure erythroid leukemia. Am J Hematol. 2017;92(3):292-296.
Tedja AT, Wirawan R. Erythroleukemia. Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory. 2018;23(2):197-202.
Almeida AM, Prebet T, Itzykson R, Ramos F, Al-Ali H, Shammo J, et al. Clinical Outcomes of 217 Patients with Acute Erythroleukemia According to Treatment Type and Line: A Retrospective Multinational Study. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(4):837.
Weinberg OK, Arber DA. Erythroleukemia: an Update. Curr Oncol Rep. 2021;23(6):69.
Arber DA. The 2016 WHO classification of acute myeloid leukemia: What the practicing clinician needs to know. Semin Hematol. 2019;56(2):90-95.
Hasserjian RP, Howard J, Wood A, Henry K, Bain B. Acute erythremic myelosis (true erythroleukaemia): a variant of AML FAB-M6. J Clin Pathol. 2001;54(3):205-209.
Day DS, Gay JN, Kraus JS, Sabio H, Satya-Prakash KL, Russell B, et al. Erythroleukemia of childhood and infancy: a report of two cases. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 1997;27(2):142-50.
Arber DA. Revisiting erythroleukemia. Curr Opin Hematol. 2017;24(2):146-151.
Parmawati NKA, Herawati S, Wande IN. Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) in a Child who Transformed to Acute Myeloid Leukaemia with Myelodysplasia-Related Changes (AML-MRC). Bali Medical Journal. 2019;8(2):358-362.
Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel MT, Flandrin G, Galton DA, Gralnick HR, et al. Proposed revised criteria for the classification of acute myeloid leukemia. A report of the French-American-British Cooperative Group. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103(4):620-625.
Escribano Serrat S, Calo Pérez A. Pure erythroid leukemia. Blood. 2021;137(19):2709.
Kesamneni R, Nagarajan P, Johnson T, Scott J. Proptosis, a rare presentation of acute myeloid leukemia− AML M6 in a child. Journal of Applied Hematology. 2016;7(3):111-113.
Santos F, Faderl S, Garcia-Manero G, Koller C, Beran M, O’Brien S, et al. Adult Acute Erythroleukemia: An Analysis of 108 patients treated at a single institution. Leukemia. 2009;23(12):2275–2280.
Barnard DR, Alonzo TA, Gerbing RB, Lange B, Woods WG; Children's Oncology Group. Comparison of childhood myelodysplastic syndrome, AML FAB M6 or M7, CCG 2891: report from the Children's Oncology Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007;49(1):17-22.

[1] Arber DA. The 2016 WHO classification of acute myeloid leukemia: What the practicing clinician needs to know. Semin Hematol. 2019;56(2):90-95.

[2] Santos FP, Bueso-Ramos CE, Ravandi F. Acute erythroleukemia: diagnosis and management. Expert Rev Hematol. 2010;3(6):705-718.

[3] Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel MT, et al. Proposals for the classification of the acute leukaemias. French-American-British (FAB) co-operative group. Br J Haematol. 1976;33(4):451-458.

[4] Mandal PK, Pandey G, Mondal M, Ganguly B. A rare case of acute myeloid leukemia-M6 in a 2-year-old child with complex karyotype. Clinical Cancer Investigation Journal. 2015;4(6):756-758.

[5] Wang W, Wang SA, Medeiros LJ, Khoury JD. Pure erythroid leukemia. Am J Hematol. 2017;92(3):292-296.

[6] Tedja AT, Wirawan R. Erythroleukemia. Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory. 2018;23(2):197-202.

[7] Almeida AM, Prebet T, Itzykson R, Ramos F, Al-Ali H, Shammo J, et al. Clinical Outcomes of 217 Patients with Acute Erythroleukemia According to Treatment Type and Line: A Retrospective Multinational Study. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(4):837.

[8] Weinberg OK, Arber DA. Erythroleukemia: an Update. Curr Oncol Rep. 2021;23(6):69.

[9] Arber DA. The 2016 WHO classification of acute myeloid leukemia: What the practicing clinician needs to know. Semin Hematol. 2019;56(2):90-95.

[10] Hasserjian RP, Howard J, Wood A, Henry K, Bain B. Acute erythremic myelosis (true erythroleukaemia): a variant of AML FAB-M6. J Clin Pathol. 2001;54(3):205-209.

[11] Day DS, Gay JN, Kraus JS, Sabio H, Satya-Prakash KL, Russell B, et al. Erythroleukemia of childhood and infancy: a report of two cases. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 1997;27(2):142-50.

[12] Arber DA. Revisiting erythroleukemia. Curr Opin Hematol. 2017;24(2):146-151.

[13] Parmawati NKA, Herawati S, Wande IN. Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) in a Child who Transformed to Acute Myeloid Leukaemia with Myelodysplasia-Related Changes (AML-MRC). Bali Medical Journal. 2019;8(2):358-362.

[14] Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel MT, Flandrin G, Galton DA, Gralnick HR, et al. Proposed revised criteria for the classification of acute myeloid leukemia. A report of the French-American-British Cooperative Group. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103(4):620-625.

[15] Escribano Serrat S, Calo Pérez A. Pure erythroid leukemia. Blood. 2021;137(19):2709.

[16] Kesamneni R, Nagarajan P, Johnson T, Scott J. Proptosis, a rare presentation of acute myeloid leukemia− AML M6 in a child. Journal of Applied Hematology. 2016;7(3):111-113.

[17] Santos F, Faderl S, Garcia-Manero G, Koller C, Beran M, O’Brien S, et al. Adult Acute Erythroleukemia: An Analysis of 108 patients treated at a single institution. Leukemia. 2009;23(12):2275–2280.

[18] Barnard DR, Alonzo TA, Gerbing RB, Lange B, Woods WG; Children's Oncology Group. Comparison of childhood myelodysplastic syndrome, AML FAB M6 or M7, CCG 2891: report from the Children's Oncology Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007;49(1):17-22.

Acute Erythroleukemia (AML-M6) in one-year-old boy: a case report

Abstract

References

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