The effect of Mozart's classical music on blood pressure in Wistar white rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Rivans Jackson Tandirerung; Irwanto; Anak Agung Ngurah  Krisna

doi:10.15562/bmj.v12i2.4577

The effect of Mozart's classical music on blood pressure in Wistar white rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Rivans Jackson Tandirerung ,

Irwanto ,

Anak Agung Ngurah Krisna ,

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v12i2.4577 |
Published: 2023-06-26

Abstract

Introduction: Classical music has beneficial effects on heart rate variability and also reduces one's stress levels due to parasympathetic dominance. Mozart's classical music was shown to provide subsequent short-term enhancement of spatial-temporal reasoning ability. This research aimed to study the effect of Mozart's classical music on blood pressure.

Methods: The design of this study is true experimental with a post-test-only design with a control group.

Thirty Wistar white rats were randomized by simple random sampling method into the control group and experimental group receiving Mozart’s classical music for 90 minutes, twice daily for 1, 3, and 4 weeks. SBP, DBP, and MAP were measured and analyzed using descriptive analysis, Shapiro Wilk, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon Sign Rank test.

Results: DBP and MAP of the experimental group week 1 and 3 were significantly different from the control group. There were significant differences between SBP, DBP, and MAP of experimental group week 1 from week 3 (p=0.00, p=0.00, p=0.00 respectively) and week 1 from week 4 (p=0.00, p=0.00, p=0.00).

Conclusion: Listening to Mozart's classical music has a direct effect on blood pressure.

References

Siritunga S, Wijewardena K, Ekanayaka R, Mudunkotuwa P. Effect of music on blood pressure, pulse rate and respiratory rate of asymptomatic individuals: a randomized controlled trial. Health. 2013:5(4a).
Roteta AI. Music therapy effectiveness to decrease anxiety in mechanically ventilated patients. Enfermeria intensiva. 2003;14(2):43-8.
Pauwels EK, Volterrani D, Mariani G, Kostkiewics M. Mozart, music and medicine. Medical Principles and Practice. 2014;23(5):403-12.
Mitrovic P, Stefanovic B, Vasiljevic Z, Paladin A, Radovanovic M, Radovanovic N, Rajic D, Matic G, Novakovic A, Lazarevic K. The music therapy in patients with hypertension and myocardial infarction after previous revascularization. Journal of Hypertension. 2011;29.
Ising H, Kruppa B. Health effects caused by noise: evidence in the literature from the past 25 years. Noise and Health. 2004;6(22):5.
Sugiharto S, Merawati D, Susanto H. The physiological effects of campursari (crossover music genre) allegro in sports on circulating cortisol and testosterone levels. InAIP Conference Proceedings 2019 Jul 3 (Vol. 2120, No. 1). AIP Publishing
Lemmer B. Effects of music composed by Mozart and Ligeti on blood pressure and heart rate circadian rhythms in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Chronobiology international. 2008;25(6):971-86.
Marlinda R, Apriyeni E, Setiawan D. Mozart classical music therapy lowering blood pressure in patients with hypertension. In2nd Syedza Saintika International Conference on Nursing, Midwifery, Medical Laboratory Technology, Public Health, and Health Information Management (SeSICNiMPH 2021) 2021 Oct 28 (pp. 364-370). Atlantis Press.
Saing SK, Rina O, Ramayati R, Rusdidjas R. Effect of classical music on reducing blood pressure in children. Paediatrica Indonesiana. 2008;48(3):142-6.
Latha R, Srikanth S, Sairaman H, Dity NE. Effect of music on heart rate variability and stress in medical students. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Physiology. 2014;1(2):131.
Sutoo DE, Akiyama K. Music improves dopaminergic neurotransmission: demonstration based on the effect of music on blood pressure regulation. Brain research. 2004;1016(2):255-62.
Krout RE. Music listening to facilitate relaxation and promote wellness: integrated aspects of our neurophysiological responses to music. The Arts in Psychotherapy. 2007;34(2):134-41.
Kunikullaya KU, Goturu J, Muradi V, Hukkeri PA, Kunnavil R, Doreswamy V, Prakash VS, Murthy NS. Music versus lifestyle on the autonomic nervous system of prehypertensives and hypertensives—a randomized control trial. Complementary therapies in medicine. 2015;23(5):733-40.
Nakamura T, Tanida M, Niijima A, Hibino H, Shen J, Nagai K. Auditory stimulation affects renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in rats. Neuroscience letters. 2007;416(2):107-12.
Akiyama K, Sutoo DE. Effect of different frequencies of music on blood pressure regulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Neuroscience letters. 2011;487(1):58-60.
Anak Agung Ngurah Krisna Putra, Irwanto, Reny I’tishom, Bagus Setyoboedi, Muhammad R. D. Mustakim. Mozart music stimulation effect on wistar rats’ neurogenesis. Bali Med J. [Internet]. 2023 Mar. 3 [cited 2023 Jun. 16];12(1):921-5. Available from: https://www.balimedicaljournal.org/index.php/bmj/article/view/4202.
Darus NIM, Lubis RD, Jusuf NK. Analysis of Serum Vitamin D Level in Leprosy Patients. Bali Med J. [Internet]. 2019 Dec. 1 [cited 2023 Jun. 16];8(3). Available from: https://www.balimedicaljournal.org/index.php/bmj/article/view/1453.
Amigo TAE, Mariati M. Music and video music therapy are effective in reducing stress among elderly at Yogyakarta Social Service Center of Tresna Werdha, Abiyoso Pakem Unit, Sleman regency. Bali Med J. [Internet]. 2020 Apr. 1 [cited 2023 Jun. 16];9(1):211-5. Available from: https://www.balimedicaljournal.org/index.php/bmj/article/view/1650.

[1] Siritunga S, Wijewardena K, Ekanayaka R, Mudunkotuwa P. Effect of music on blood pressure, pulse rate and respiratory rate of asymptomatic individuals: a randomized controlled trial. Health. 2013:5(4a).

[2] Roteta AI. Music therapy effectiveness to decrease anxiety in mechanically ventilated patients. Enfermeria intensiva. 2003;14(2):43-8.

[3] Pauwels EK, Volterrani D, Mariani G, Kostkiewics M. Mozart, music and medicine. Medical Principles and Practice. 2014;23(5):403-12.

[4] Mitrovic P, Stefanovic B, Vasiljevic Z, Paladin A, Radovanovic M, Radovanovic N, Rajic D, Matic G, Novakovic A, Lazarevic K. The music therapy in patients with hypertension and myocardial infarction after previous revascularization. Journal of Hypertension. 2011;29.

[5] Ising H, Kruppa B. Health effects caused by noise: evidence in the literature from the past 25 years. Noise and Health. 2004;6(22):5.

[6] Sugiharto S, Merawati D, Susanto H. The physiological effects of campursari (crossover music genre) allegro in sports on circulating cortisol and testosterone levels. InAIP Conference Proceedings 2019 Jul 3 (Vol. 2120, No. 1). AIP Publishing

[7] Lemmer B. Effects of music composed by Mozart and Ligeti on blood pressure and heart rate circadian rhythms in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Chronobiology international. 2008;25(6):971-86.

[8] Marlinda R, Apriyeni E, Setiawan D. Mozart classical music therapy lowering blood pressure in patients with hypertension. In2nd Syedza Saintika International Conference on Nursing, Midwifery, Medical Laboratory Technology, Public Health, and Health Information Management (SeSICNiMPH 2021) 2021 Oct 28 (pp. 364-370). Atlantis Press.

[9] Saing SK, Rina O, Ramayati R, Rusdidjas R. Effect of classical music on reducing blood pressure in children. Paediatrica Indonesiana. 2008;48(3):142-6.

[10] Latha R, Srikanth S, Sairaman H, Dity NE. Effect of music on heart rate variability and stress in medical students. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Physiology. 2014;1(2):131.

[11] Sutoo DE, Akiyama K. Music improves dopaminergic neurotransmission: demonstration based on the effect of music on blood pressure regulation. Brain research. 2004;1016(2):255-62.

[12] Krout RE. Music listening to facilitate relaxation and promote wellness: integrated aspects of our neurophysiological responses to music. The Arts in Psychotherapy. 2007;34(2):134-41.

[13] Kunikullaya KU, Goturu J, Muradi V, Hukkeri PA, Kunnavil R, Doreswamy V, Prakash VS, Murthy NS. Music versus lifestyle on the autonomic nervous system of prehypertensives and hypertensives—a randomized control trial. Complementary therapies in medicine. 2015;23(5):733-40.

[14] Nakamura T, Tanida M, Niijima A, Hibino H, Shen J, Nagai K. Auditory stimulation affects renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in rats. Neuroscience letters. 2007;416(2):107-12.

[15] Akiyama K, Sutoo DE. Effect of different frequencies of music on blood pressure regulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Neuroscience letters. 2011;487(1):58-60.

[16] Anak Agung Ngurah Krisna Putra, Irwanto, Reny I’tishom, Bagus Setyoboedi, Muhammad R. D. Mustakim. Mozart music stimulation effect on wistar rats’ neurogenesis. Bali Med J. [Internet]. 2023 Mar. 3 [cited 2023 Jun. 16];12(1):921-5. Available from: https://www.balimedicaljournal.org/index.php/bmj/article/view/4202.

[17] Darus NIM, Lubis RD, Jusuf NK. Analysis of Serum Vitamin D Level in Leprosy Patients. Bali Med J. [Internet]. 2019 Dec. 1 [cited 2023 Jun. 16];8(3). Available from: https://www.balimedicaljournal.org/index.php/bmj/article/view/1453.

[18] Amigo TAE, Mariati M. Music and video music therapy are effective in reducing stress among elderly at Yogyakarta Social Service Center of Tresna Werdha, Abiyoso Pakem Unit, Sleman regency. Bali Med J. [Internet]. 2020 Apr. 1 [cited 2023 Jun. 16];9(1):211-5. Available from: https://www.balimedicaljournal.org/index.php/bmj/article/view/1650.

The effect of Mozart's classical music on blood pressure in Wistar white rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Abstract

References

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